| Abstract | Ratovi ruža, dinastički sukobi koji su trajali 30 godina, smatraju se jednim od ključnih događaja u engleskoj povijesti. Nakon iscrpnog Stogodišnjeg rata za francusko prijestolje, u Engleskoj je došlo do unutarnjih sukoba. Borba za englesko prijestolje karakteristična je po brojnim bitkama, političkim intrigama i preokretima te je rezultirala značajnim promjenama u monarhiji. Smrt kralja Edvarda III. ostavila je neriješeno pitanje legitimnog nasljednika engleske krune na koju su pravo polagali pripadnici dinastije Lancaster i York. Sam naziv rata potječe od simbola suparničkih strana, odnosno bijele ruže koja se nalazila na grbu obitelji York i crvene ruže koja predstavlja obitelj Lancaster čiji je predstavnik Henrik IV. došao na prijestolje nakon Edvarda III. Uvodno razdoblje Ratova ruža obilježeno je neučinkovitom vladavinom Henrika VI., koji, za razliku od svojih prethodnika, nije bio sposoban upravljati kraljevstvom što je izazvalo nezadovoljstvo među plemstvom te time otvorilo vrata dinastičkim sukobima. Iduća desetljeća bila su prožeta nizom važnih bitaka i promjenama vlasti. Bitka kod Towtona 1461. godine bila je jedna od najkrvavijih bitaka građanskog rata, a u njoj je pripadnik dinastije York izvojevao pobjedu i zasjeo na tron kao Edvard IV. Sukobi su se nastavili sve do 1485. godine, kada je Henrik Tudor porazio Rikarda
III. u bitci kod Boswortha. Dolazak Henrika VII. na vlast označio je kraj sukoba i početak nove monarhije pod dinastijom Tudor. Njegov brak s Elizabetom od Yorka ujedinio je dvije zaraćene strane i tako donio stabilnost i mir zemlji. |
| Abstract (english) | The Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic conflicts lasting 30 years, are considered one of the key events in English history. After the exhausting Hundred Years' War for the French throne, internal conflicts arose in England. The fight for the English throne was characterized by numerous battles, political intrigues, and reversals, resulting in significant changes in the monarchy. The death of King Edward III left the question of the legitimate heir to the English crown unresolved, with claims from the houses of Lancaster and York. The name of the war itself originates from the symbols of the rival sides: the white rose of the House of York and the red rose representing the House of Lancaster, whose representative, Henry IV, came to the throne after Edward III. The initial period of the Wars of the Roses was marked by the ineffective reign of Henry VI, who, unlike his predecessors, was unable to govern the kingdom, causing dissatisfaction among the nobility and paving the way for dynastic conflicts. The following decades were filled with numerous significant battles and changes on the throne. The Battle of Towton in 1461 was one of the bloodiest battles of the civil war, where a member of the House of York achieved victory and ascended the throne as Edward
IV. The conflicts continued until 1485, when Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry VII's accession to the throne marked the end of the conflict and the beginning of a new monarchy under the Tudor dynasty. His marriage to Elizabeth of York united the two warring sides, bringing stability and peace to the country. |
