Title Položaj žena u hrvatskoj umjetnosti na prijelazu 19. i 20. stoljeća
Title (english) The Role of Women in Croatian Art at the Turn of 19th to 20th Century
Author Monika Cvetković
Mentor Dragan Damjanović (mentor)
Committee member Frano Dulibić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Patricia Počanić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dragan Damjanović (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Department of History of Art) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2024-09-18, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline HUMANISTIC SCIENCES History of Art History and Theory of the Fine Arts, Architecture, Urbanism and Visual Communications
Abstract Osim što ga je obilježio novi pogled na svijet i rađanje moderne kulturne svijesti, period XIX. stoljeća je obilježila i pojava žena kao umjetnica koje teže ravnopravnosti i etabliranju. Razdoblje XIX. stoljeća karakterizira modernizacija, industrijalizacija te napredak prirodnih i humanističkih znanosti. Također, početak feminističkog pokreta datiramo u XIX. stoljeće, iako je borba žena za ravnopravnost i otpor patrijarhatu počela mnogo ranije te je on važan za kontekst razvijanja ženske umjetnosti i „ženskog pitanja”. Ženama koje su se bavile umjetnošću često nije bilo pripisivano autorstvo vlastitih umjetničkih djela. Ona su nosila imena supružnika ili muških članova obitelji, ako su uopće bila potpisana. Mnoga umjetnička djela koja su izvele žene na taj su način izgubljena „pod muškom rukom“ u povijesti umjetnosti. Diplomski rad se bavi temom i problematikom položaja žena u hrvatskoj umjetnosti koje su obilježile period kraja XIX. i početka XX. stoljeća. Jedna od niti vodilja rada je pitanje koje je još 1971. godine postavila Linda Nochlin, „Zašto nema velikih žena umjetnica?”. Kompleksno pitanje na koje nema smisla nuditi odgovor upravo zato što je on još kompleksniji. Razlog nedostatka velikih ženskih umjetnica nije manjak talenta ili njihova nesposobnost stvaranja hvalevrijednih umjetničkih djela, nego zato što su im kroz povijest davane uloge koje nisu u fokus stavljale obrazovanje ili bavljenje umjetnošću, već repetitivne uloge u kućanstvu i obitelji. One žene koje su se odlučile baviti umjetnošću su se suočavale s mnogim preprekama na tom putu, s diskriminacijom koju je nametnulo patrijarhalno društvo i mizoginija, te daljnjom kontrolom u njihovom likovnom stvaralaštvu. Razdoblje XIX. stoljeća u hrvatskoj umjetnosti predstavlja okretanje prema modernoj kulturnoj svijesti, a to se posebno očituje kroz pojavu žena na likovnoj sceni. S naglaskom na slikarstvu i kiparstvu, obrađeni su stvaralački opusi odabranih umjetnica, za koje se smatra da su najvažnije umjetnice toga razdoblja, kao i njihova biografija i položaj koje su zauzele u hrvatskoj povijesti umjetnosti. Od njih su izdvojene Slava Raškaj, Nasta Rojc, Anka Krizmanić i Mila Wod. Nadalje, kako bi se mogao shvatiti njihov položaj u hrvatskoj umjetnosti na prijelazu stoljeća, uspoređene su njihove karijere s onima njihovih muških suvremenika kroz važne aspekte koji su mogli utjecati na njihove položaje, poput obrazovanja i novčanog elementa.
Abstract (english) In addition to being marked by a new view of the world and the birth of modern cultural awareness, the period of the nineteenth century was also marked by the appearance of women as artists striving for equality and establishment. The period of the nineteenth century is characterised by modernisation, industrialisation and the progress of natural sciences and humanities. Furthermore, the feminist movement is also dated to the nineteenth century, although the women’s struggle for equality and resistance to patriarchy began much earlier, and it is important for the context of the development of women’s art and the „women’s issue”. Women artists were often not given credit for their own works of art. They bore the names of spouses or male family members, if they were even signed at all. A lot of women’s art was thus lost „under the male hand” in the history of art. This master’s thesis discusses the topic and the issue of the role of women in Croatian art that marked the period of the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. One of the guiding threads of this work is the question posed by Linda Nochlin, „Why have there been no great women artists?”. A complex question to which it makes no sense to offer a solution precisely because it is even more complex. The reason for the lack of great female artists is not a lack of talent or their inability to create commendable works of art. It is because they have been given roles that did not focus on education or art throughout history, but rather repetitive parts in the household and family. Those women who decided to pursue a career in art faced many obstacles along the way, including discrimination imposed by the patriarchal society, misogyny and further control in their artistic creation. With an emphasis on painting and sculpture, this master’s thesis covers the creative works of selected female artists who are considered to be one of the most important artists of that period, as well as their biography and the position they hold in the history of Croatian art. Among them, Slava Raškaj, Nasta Rojc, Anka Krizmanić and Mila Wod are singled out. Furthermore, in order to understand their position in Croatian art at the turn of the century, their careers are compared with those of their male contemporaries through important aspects that could have influenced their positions, such as education and the financial element.
Keywords
19. stoljeće
20. stoljeće
feminizam
Hrvatska
slikarstvo
skulptura
umjetnice
Keywords (english)
19th century
20th century
Croatia
female artists
feminism
painting
sculpture
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:131:730647
Study programme Title: Art History; specializations in: Research Course: Research Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti umjetnosti (magistar/magistra povijesti umjetnosti)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2024-09-23 08:31:44