Title Specifična imunoterapija
Title (english) Specific immunotherapy
Author Lovro Bucić
Mentor Asja Stipić-Marković (mentor)
Committee member Danka Grčević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Asja Stipić-Marković (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Internal Medicine) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2015-07-15, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Clinical Immunology
Abstract Alergen specifična imunoterapija uspješno se primjenjuje u pacijenata s alergijskim bolestima više od sto godina. Iako efikasan oblik liječenja, uz ovaj tip terapije povezan je i rizik od neželjenih reakcija posredovanih IgE antitijelima, uključujući sistemsku anafilaksiju. Postupak se temelji na činjenici da će organizam koji je redovito izložen antigenu razviti toleranciju na taj alergen. Uspješnost specifične imunoterapije počiva na modulaciji antigen specifičnih reakcija organizma. Pod modulacijom podrazumijevamo relativno smanjenje imunološkog odgovora posredovanog limfocitima Th2 te povećanje parametara pripisivih reakcijama limfocita Th1. Regulacijski limfociti (Treg) prepoznati su kao ključne stanice koje vrše supresiju imunološkog odgovora. Podvrste limfociti Treg, Tr1 i FoxP3+ limfociti luče velike količine interleukina 10 (IL-10) čiji su glavni učinci 1) aktivacija stanica sličnih Tr1 (Tr1- like), 2) nepotpuna diferencijacija dendritičkih stanica koje posljedično tome postaju tolerogene i 3) izotipsko prekapčanje u limfocitima B koji počinju proizvoditi specifični imunoglobulin IgG4 umjesto imunoglobulina IgE. Tr1-like stanice proizvode drugi važan citokin, TGF-β, u čijem prisustvu novonastale tolerogene dendritičke stanice utječu na povećano stvaranje i akumulaciju Tr1 i Tr1-like stanica osiguravajući daljnju proizvodnju IL- 10. Rezultat izotipskog prekapčanja u limfocitima B je povećan omjer IgE/IgG4. IgG4 protutijela su specifična za iste epitope na antigenu kao i IgE, te time suprimiraju alergijsku reakciju na dva načina. Blokiranjem vezanja antigena za BCR receptor na limfocitima B zaustavljaju proizvodnju IgE protutijela, a s druge strane onemogućuju vezanje antigena na FcƐR i FcƐRII receptore na efektorskim stanicama koje izlučuju medijatore (mastociti, bazofili, eozinofili). Za razliku od simptomatske terapije, specifična imunoterapija predstavlja optimalan oblik liječenja alergijskih bolesti koji djeluje na sam nastanak bolesti i uzrokuje dugotrajnu kliničku remisiju.
Abstract (english) Patients with allergic diseases have been successfully treated with allergen-specific immunotherapy for over a hundred years. Although it is an efficient form of treatment, this type of therapy is also associated with the risk of unwanted reactions caused by IgE antibodies, including systemic anaphylaxis. The treatment is based on the fact that the organism which is regularly exposed to the antigene will develop tolerance to that antigene. The success of specific immunotherapy rests on the modulation of antigene-specific reactions of the organism. By modulation it is meant a relative weakening of the immune response caused by Th2 lymphocytes and the increase of parameters associated with the Th1 lymphocyte reations. Regulation lympphocytes (Treg) are recognized as key cells which suppress the immunological response. Subytpes Treg, Tr1 lymphocytes and FoxP3+ lymphocytes secrete large amounts of interleukin 10 (IL-10) whose main effects include 1) activation of Tr1-like cells, 2) incomplete differentiation of dendritic cells which consequentially become tolerogenic, and 3) isotype chnge in B lymphocytes which start producing specific immunoglobulin IgG4 instead of immunoglobulin IgE. Tr1-like cells produce another important cytokine, TGF-β, in whose presence the newly produced tolerogenic dendritic cells affect the increased production and accumulation of Tr1 and Tr1- like cells, thus ensuring further production IL-10. Isotypical change in B lymphocytes results in an increased ratio of IgE/IgG4. IgG4 antibodies are specific for the same epitope on the antigene as the IgE, and they suppress allergic reaction in two ways. On one hand, by blocking the attachment of antigenes to the BCR receptor on B lymphocytes they stop the production of IgE antibodies, and on the other hand they disable the attachment of antigenes to FcƐR iandFcƐRII receptors on effector cells which secrete mediators (mastocytes, basophils, eosinophils). Unlike symptomatic therapy, specific immunotherapy represents the optimal type of treatment of allergic diseases that affects the disease ethiologically and causes long-term clinical remission.
Keywords
specifična imunoterapija
alergijske bolesti
regulacijski limfociti T
IL-10
TGF-β
Keywords (english)
specific immunotherapy
allergic diseases
regulatory T lymphocytes
IL-10
TGF-β
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:317206
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2016-08-08 10:39:00