This thesis documents the ethnobotanical use of plants in western Herzegovina, specifically in the municipality of Ljubuški and the village of Klobuk, with the aim of preserving traditional knowledge that has not yet been documented and is threatened by changes in lifestyle and socio-economic conditions. By interviewing elderly members of the local community, data were collected on the use of a total of 90 species of wild and cultivated plants, including their local names, methods of preparation and applications. The documented plants are used for treating health issues (such as digestive problems, skin diseases and respiratory ailments), for religious purposes, human and animal nutrition, as well as for economic purposes (house construction, tool-making, etc.). On average, 17.3 plant species were mentioned during each interview. The most frequently mentioned species in the study are: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, 85%), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia, 80%), olive (Olea europaea, 80%), immortelle (Helichrysum italicum, 75%), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, 75%). Changes in the use of plants throughout history up to the present day were noted, with some traditional methods still being applied, while others are almost forgotten. The results were compared with existing ethnobotanical studies, providing a broader context of the ethnobotanical use of plants in western Herzegovina. The thesis emphasizes the importance of preserving intangible knowledge as part of cultural heritage and highlights the potential synergy between traditional knowledge and modern science, which can contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches and the conservation of biological diversity.