Contemporary communication and technology are inconceivable without mobile networks. With the proliferation of smart devices, the need for faster and more reliable networks has become paramount. In this context, the 5G network, as the new generation of mobile networks, delivers outstanding performance, including high data transfer speeds, ultra-low latency, and the capability to connect a large number of devices. The paper explores the characteristics of mobile networks, defines technical aspects, and traces the development of mobile networks from the first to the fifth generation. Furthermore, it thoroughly analyzes the elements of the 5G network architecture and investigates the technical features of its operation. Technologies and services applied in the 5G network are described, encompassing virtual reality, augmented reality, massive content transmission, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. The paper also explores the applications of the 5G network in industry and transportation through examples of smart industrial operations and modern transportation systems connected to the 5G network.