Sažetak | Gornji ukriženi sindrom karakterizira mišićni disbalans, napetosti i slabosti pojedinih mišićnih skupina što rezultira povećanjem kifoze torakalnog dijela kralježnice i povećanjem lordoze u vratnom dijelu kralježnice. Napetost gornjeg dijela mišića trapeziusa, subokcipitalnih mišića vrata i podizača lopatice u vratnom dijelu te u prsnom dijelu trupa ukrižena je sa napetosti i skraćenosti mišića pectoralis major i pectoralis minor što povlači ramena naprijed i gore, destabilizira lopaticu i smanjuje stabilnost glenohumeralnog zgloba. Suženje prostora u ramenom zglobu može uzrokovati bolove u ramenu, a napetost mišića pectoralisa major et minor može uzrokovati bolove u vratnom dijelu kralježnice koji se šire niz vrat u rame i ruku zbog pritiska koji se stvara na živčane i vaskularne strukture. Ovaj sindrom nastaje kod sjedilačkog načina života gdje se glava nalazi u protrakciji te svojim nepravilnim držanjem preopterećuje stražnje mišiće vrata kako bi omogućili pogled glavom prema naprijed. Analizom posture kod testiranog klijenta utvrđeno je da ima nepravilno držanje u području torakalne kralježnice. Na početku tretmana s klijentom prilikom izvođenja testova mobilnosti i fleksibilnosti utvrđeno je skraćenje fleksora vrata i prsnih mišića te slabost stražnjih vratnih mišića i trapeza. Nakon početnih testova započeli smo kinesteziju s klijentom kako bi mu pomogli da osvijesti kakvo bi trebalo biti pravilno držanje tijela. U drugoj etapi smo počeli s jačanjem abdominalnih mišića pomoću testova iz DNS (dynamic neuromuscular stabilization) te jačanjem stabilizatora ramena. U trećoj etapi smo odradili vježbe za jačanje vratnih fleksora, ramenog obruča i leđnih mišića. Ove vježbe smo započeli bez opterećenja ali smo uz progresiju dodali i vanjsko opterećenje prateći napredak klijenta. U završnoj fazi ovog tretmana s klijentom smo odradili kompleksne vježbe koje zahtijevaju uključivanje više mišićnih skupina istovremeno. |
Sažetak (engleski) | Upper crossed syndrome is characterized by muscle disbalance, tension and weakness of certain muscle groups, which results in the enlargement of thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosys. Tension of the upper part of the m. trapezius, suboccipital muscle of the neck and elevators of the scapula in the neck area and in chest area its combined with tension and shortage of the m. pectoralis major et minor, which resuts with elevation of the shoulders in the direction forward and up. Destabilyses scapula, and lowers stability of glenohumeral joint. It creates constriction in the shoulder joint, can cause shoulder pains, and the tension of the muscles m. pectoralis major et minor can cause pains in the thoracic area of the spine which spread down the neck to the shoulder and arm due to the pressure created on the ner and vascular structures. this syndrome appears with the sedentary style of living, where the head is in the protraction, where the head with its unnatural position, overloads back muscles of the neck to enable look straight forward. With the analysis of the posture of the tested subject its concluded that he has inadequate posture in the thoracic area. In the beginning of the treatment of the subject, with the testing of the flexibility and mobility of the muscles, we concluded that there is the shortening of the muscles flexors of the neck and chest muscles and the weakness of the back neck muscles and m. trapezius. After initial testing we started kinesthesis with the client to help him remind his body of adequate posture. In the second phase we started with the strengthening of the abdominal muscles with the DNS tests (dynamic neuromuscular stabilization) and stabilizers of the shoulder. In the third phase, we included the exercises for the strengthening of the neck flexors, shoulder area and back muscles. In the beginning, the exercises were done without weights but with the progression we added external resistance following the subjects progress. In the final phase of this treatment, we did complex exercises which require involvement of more muscle groups. |