Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that enables the analysis of the chemical composition of certain areas of the brain to distinguish between pathological changes such as hereditary and metabolic diseases, neoplasms, stroke and infections (1). This technique enables the evaluation of metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate, choline, myoinositol and lactate. The above metabolites enable the differentiation of various neurological disorders in pediatric neuroradiology. NAA is considered as a marker of vital neurons and is the most abundant metabolite in a healthy brain (1). Neuronal loss is manifested by a decrease in NAA levels. Choline is a marker of synthesis and degradation in cell membranes, and its value is increased in tumors and decreased in stroke. Lactate indicates anaerobic metabolism, which is typical in necrotic lesions, strokes or infections. MR spectroscopy is a method that complements the standard MR examination in pediatric neuroradiology, not only in the differentiation of various pathological conditions of the brain, but also in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy and in assessing the prognostic outcomes of the disease.