This final thesis deals with the historical development of the economy of the Republic of Croatia, with a special focus on the food industry. The paper covers several key aspects: the historical development of the economy, the current state of the food industry, its structure and analysis, as well as conclusions and recommendations for future development. The industry consists of numerous small and medium-sized companies, with the presence of a few large companies dominating the market. The main challenges include the need to increase competitiveness, innovation, sustainability and adaptation to global trends such as healthier eating and organic production. The Croatian economy went through great changes from the time of Austria-Hungary, through socialist Yugoslavia, to today's independent Croatia. The transition to a market economy brought privatization and restructuring. The food industry is key to the Croatian economy, with various sub-sectors such as meat processing, dairy products, bakery products and beverages. It mostly consists of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a few large players. The main challenges include global competition, the need for innovation, sustainability and adaptation to healthy eating trends. Recommendations for future development include increasing exports, diversifying products, improving quality and supporting innovation. The food industry in Croatia has great potential for growth and can significantly contribute to economic development with the right strategy and adaptation to global trends.