Fires cause significant changes of chemical soil properties, depending on the intensity and duration, soil properties, type of vegetation, time of sampling in relation to the fire, and the depth of soil sampling. In this review the impact of fire on pH, soil organic matter, physiologically active phosphorus, potassium, and total nitrogen was analyzed. Most authors found an increase of the soil pH immediately after the fire, with more or less pronounced differences compared to the initial pH. The soil pH increase is attributed to the effect of ash, and degradation of soil organic matter. Likewise, the time to return to the initial condition is highly variable. Fires reduce the content of soil organic matter in addition to its quality. Numerous studies have shown the reduction of total amount of humus substances and the proportion of humic acids, but as well the increase of fulvic acids in humus substances after the fire. Also, the carbohydrate content as a thermolabile compound is expected to decrease after the fire and the content of the aromatic hydrocarbon is increased. Several authors have found an increase in concentrations of nutrients in the soil immediately after the fire, especially for physiologically active phosphorus and potassium, although there are studies that differ from above. Mostly all agree that the determined increase is caused by the amount of ash left behind after the fire. Some authors specifically emphasize the release of physiologically active phosphorus by combustion of soil organic matter. Fluctuations of total nitrogen in the soil after the fire are most often attributed to erosion and volatilization. Authors generally indicate the temperature and duration of the fire as the key factors for the intensity of changes in chemical soil properties.