| Abstract | Cilj rada bio je utvrditi laktacijske promjene (uslijed utjecaja redoslijeda i stadija laktacije) proizvodnje i kakvoće mlijeka sanskih i alpina koza, uzgajanih u Međimurskoj županiji. Proizvodnja kozjeg mlijeka u Hrvatskoj najzastupljenija je u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj, ponajviše u Međimurskoj županiji, a zasniva se na uvezenim visokomliječnim pasminama koza, ponajviše francuskoj alpini i sanskoj kozi. Stoga je redovitim mjesečnim kontrolama mliječnosti (AT metoda), kroz tri uzastopne laktacije (od 2011. do 2013. godine), ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 1108 francuskih alpina i 351 sanska koza, od prve do pete laktacije. Sanske koze
su ostvarile značajno (P<0,001) veću prosječnu dnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka (2,33 kg/dan) nego francuska alpina (2,17 kg/dan), kao i veći (P<0,001) prosječni sadržaj suhe tvari, suhe tvari bez masti i laktoze u mlijeku. Redoslijed laktacije je značajno utjecao na gotovo sve analizirane pokazatelje proizvodnje i kakvoće mlijeka sanskih i alpina koza, pri čemu su sanske koze ostvarile najveću prosječnu dnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka u četvrtoj laktaciji, a alpina koze u petoj i kasnijim laktacijama. Utvrđen je značajan (P<0,001) utjecaj stadija laktacije na proizvodnju mlijeka, kemijski sastav i broj somatskih stanica (BSS) u mlijeku sanskih i alpina koza. Pritom je odmicanjem laktacije utvrđeno smanjenje prosječne dnevne proizvodnje mlijeka, dok je prosječni kemijski sastav mlijeka bio najbogatiji u kasnom stadiju laktacije kada je dnevna proizvodnja mlijeka bila najmanja. Također, mlijeko obiju pasmina proizvedeno u kasnoj laktaciji imalo je najveći BSS (log10), dok je najmanji BSS utvrđen u mlijeku proizvedenom u ranom stadiju laktacije. Tijekom razdoblja mužnje sanskih i alpina koza utvrđene su značajne (P<0,001) razlike u prosječnoj dnevnoj proizvodnji mlijeka, njegovom kemijskom sastavu i broju somatskih stanica (log10). Obje pasmine su u prosjeku najviše mlijeka dnevno proizvele u ožujku, nakon čega je utvrđeno postupno smanjenje proizvodnje mlijeka prema kraju laktacije, tako da je u studenom utvrđena najmanja prosječna proizvodnja mlijeka. Mlijeko najbogatijeg prosječnog kemijskog sastava proizvedeno je u studenom, dok je najmanji prosječni sadržaj mliječne masti, bjelančevina i suhe tvari utvrđen u mlijeku proizvedenom u lipnju. Utvrđeni su značajni (P<0,001) koeficijenti korelacija između svih analiziranih pokazatelja proizvodnje i kakvoće mlijeka. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this paper was to determine lactational changes (due to the influence of parity and stage of lactation) on milk yield and quality of Saanen and Alpine goats bred in Međimurje County. Goat milk production in Croatia is mostly represented in the northwest part of Croatia, especially in Međimurje County, and is based on imported dairy goat breeds,
especially French Alpine and Saanen goat. During three consecutive lactations (from 2011 to 2013), by regular monthly milking controls (AT method) this study covered 1108 French Alpine and 351 Saanen goats, from first to fifth lactation. The Saanen goats have achieved significantly (P<0.001) higher average daily milk yield (2.33 kg/day) than the Alpine goats (2.17 kg/day), as well as richer average milk chemical composition (significantly higher (P<0.001) content of dry matter, dry matter without fat and lactose). Parity significantly affected almost all analysed traits of milk yield and quality of Saanen and Alpine goats, wherein the Saanen goats had the highest average daily milk yield in the fourth lactation, and
Alpine goats in their fifth lactation. There was a significant effect (P<0.001) of stage of lactation on milk yield, milk chemical composition and the somatic cell count (SCC) of Saanen and Alpine goats. As lactation advanced, a decrease in average daily milk yield was determined, while the richest average milk chemical composition was determined in late stage
of lactation when the daily milk yield was lowest. Also, the milk of both breeds produced in the late stage of lactation had the highest average SCC (log10), while the lowest SCC was determined in milk produced in the early stage of lactation. During the period of milking Saanen and Alpine goats significant (P<0.001) differences in the average daily milk yield, its
chemical composition and somatic cell count (log10) were established. On average both breeds had the highest average daily milk yield in March, after which the gradual reduction of milk yield towards the end of lactation was determined, so that the lowest average daily milk yield was determined in November. Goat milk with the richest average chemical composition was produced in November, while the lowest average content of milk fat, protein and dry matter was determined in milk produced in June. Significant correlations (P<0.001) between all analysed traits of goat milk yield and quality were determined. |
