| Abstract | Povrće čini važan dio ljudske prehrane, obiluje hranjivim tvarima, mineralima i vlaknima. Konzumacijom povrća u ljudski se organizam unosi malo kalorija, a mnogo vitamina i minerala. Fosfor je važan biogeni element koji ulazi u sve biokemijske procese u biljci kao što su fotosinteza, glikoliza, disanje. Također je sastavni dio adenozin tri fosfata (ATP) i najvažniji je sakupljač i prenosilac energije u biljci. Najčešće vidljivi nedostaci fosfora su usporen metabolizam, slabiji rast i razvoj biljke, ali i korijena. Lišće je manje, kao pri nedostatku N jer je vezano s procesom rasta biljke. Većina tala u Hrvatskoj sadrže izrazito malo fosfora koji je dostupan biljkama, jednim dijelom zbog financijske situacije u kojoj se nalaze poljoprivrednici, a s druge strane zbog fosfora kao elementa koji je teško pokretan. Ako se fosfor i nađe u pristupačnom obliku u tlu brzo prelazi u nepristupačne oblike. Fosfor je po zastupljenosti drugi mineral u ljudskom organizmu što potvrđuje činjenica da je prisutan u svim stanicama. Praktično sudjeluje u svim fiziološko kemijskim reakcijama. Osim za kosti, neophodan je i za pravilnu građu zubi. Važan je za iskorištavanje ugljikohidrata, masti i proteina. Također, njegova važnost očituje se i u rastu, održavanju i popravku staničnih struktura, proizvodnji energije, pravilnoj kontrakciji srčanog mišića, aktivnosti mozga i živaca. Dnevna potreba za fosforom kod odraslih ljudi iznosi oko 700 miligrama. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi i usporediti količinu fosfora u uzorcima cikle i radiča koji su prikupljeni na različitim lokacijama iz različitih uzgojnih uvjeta. Uzorkovano je povrće koje je proizvedeno na konvencionalni i ekološki način. Prosječni uzorci osušeni su na 105 °C. Fosfor je nakon digestije s koncentriranom HNO3 i HClO4 u mikrovalnoj peći određen na spektrofotometru. Statistička obrada podataka pratila je model analize varijance (ANOVA) pomoću programa SAS. Količina fosfora u suhoj tvari cikle kretala se u rasponu od 0,12 do 0,54 % P, dok se fosfor u svježoj tvari cikle kretao od 15,92 do 54,78 mg P u 100 g-1. Najveću količinu fosfora u suhoj i svježoj tvari imala je cikla iz ekološkog uzgoja. Utvrđena količina fosfora u radiču u suhoj tvari kretala se u rasponu od 0,52 do 0,70 % P. Utvrđene vrijednosti fosfora u svježoj tvari radiča kretale su se od 32,53 do 47,70 mg P u 100 g-1. Neznatno više vrijednosti fosfora pokazuje radič iz ekološkog uzgoja. Dobiveni rezultati fosfora u cikli i radiču iz ekološkog uzgoja upućuju na bogatu opskrbu organskom tvari i/ili dobru opskrbu tla fosforom. |
| Abstract (english) | Vegetable mostly makes the important part of human nutrition, its full of nutritius substances, minerals and fibers. Consummation of vegetables brings into human body small amount of calories, but plenty vitamins and minerals. Phosphorus is important biogenic element which enters into all biochemical processes in a plant such as photosynthesis, glycolysis, respiration. It is also an integral part in adenosine three phosphate (ATP), the most important collector and energy carrier in a plant. The most common visible deficiencies of phosphorus are slow metabolism, weaker growth and development of a plant also as the root. The leaves are smaller, as in the N deficiency, because it is connected to plant growing. Soils in Croatia contain pronouncedly small amounts phosphorus which is available to plants, in one hand because of a financial situation in wich farmers are, and in the other hand because of the phosphorus as an element which is hardly moveable. And if it can be found in available form in soil it fastly exceeds into unavailable form. By the representation phosphorus is the second mineral in human body and it can be found in all cells. It practically participates in all physiological and chemical reactions. Except for bones, it is also indispensable for regular teeth structure. It is important for utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, for growth, maintenance and repairment of cells structures, for energy production and proper heart muscle contraction, for brain and nerves activity. Daily need for phosphorus among adults is about 700 milligrams. The aim of this paper was to determine and to compare the amount of phosphorus in samples of beetroot and chicory which are collected on different locations from different cultivation conditions (organic and conventional production). Sampled vegetables are produced in a conventional and organic way. Average samples are dried on 105 °C. Phosphorus is after the digestion with concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 in microwave determined on a spectrophotometer. Statistical data analysis has followed a model of variance analysis (ANOVA) with a programme SAS. The content of phosphorus in beetroot dry matter ranged from 0.12 to 0.54 % P, while in fresh matter ranged from 15,92 to 54,78 mg P in 100 g-1 in fresh matter. The highest content of phosphorus in dry and fresh matter was determined in beetroot from an ecological cultivation. Determined phosphorus content in chicory in dry matter ranged from 0.52 to 0.70 % P, while in fresh matter ranged from 32.53 to 47.70 mg P in 100 g-1 in fresh matter. Insignificantly higher values were determined in chicory from ecological cultivation. The obtained results of phosphorus content in organically grown
beetroot and chicory suggest a rich supply of organic matter and/or a good soil phosphorus supply. |
