In modern pig breeding great progress has been achieved in the productive properties and fertility of pigs by means of selection for economically important traits. The result is high production results that are often in conflict with animal welfare. For this reason, robustness traits are included in selection programs today. Robustness covers different traits that include productivity, traits that enable resilience and optimal pig production under different environmental conditions. Successful application of selection for robustness in a breeding program requires extensive data collection and sophisticated data processing. An economically optimal balance between the robustness and production potential of pigs can be achieved by exploiting the adaptation to the environment of certain traits important for the selection of traits of robustness and productivity of pigs. In order to better understand the different components of robustness and propose optimal selection methods for sustainable pig production with the application of appropriate breeding steps to ensure greater welfare for pigs, further research is needed into the issue of breeding and selection of pigs for robustness.