Food fraud is defined as changing the properties and composition of food products (food and beverages) using substitute raw materials, additives and illegal substances. Frauds also include misleading or false labeling of food with regard to the origin, brand, method of production, ingredients, etc. Consumers are deceived by fraud and adulteration, and the nutritional value of the products is reduced and they can have a harmful effect on health. The most common types of food fraud include dilution, adulteration, replacement of expensive ingredients with cheap ones, mislabeling, etc. The aim of the paper is to determine the familiarity of Croatian consumers with food fraud and to examine the experience of Croatian consumers about food fraud. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 236 respondents. The results of the research confirm that the respondents are partially familiar with the concept of falsely labeled food or do not know anything about this problem. Furthermore, the respondents are most familiar with the wrong labeling of organic products, the date of meat packaging and misuse of geographical indications. Consumers have low trust in all national institutions and authorities that should protect them from food fraud. In order to raise consumer awareness of the problem of food fraud, education on the subject is needed by all participants of the relevant institutions.