| Abstract | Datulja (lat. Phoenix dactilyfera L.) je jedina vrsta iz roda palmi čiji plod ima komercijalnu upotrebu. Plodovi su jestivi, a koštice služe za hranidbu stoke. Zbog visokog udjela šećera (čak do 80 %), važna je u prehrani lokalnog stanovništva u Egiptu, Alžiru, Iranu, Iraku, itd.. Zbog njezine višenamjenske upotrebe u ovom radu ispitivana su nutritivna svojstva datulje te energetska svojstva koštica datulja.
Nakon prikupljanja uzorka, za svaku sortu su određena nutritivna svojstva mesa datulja (voda, pepeo, škrob, masti) i energetska svojstva koštica datulja (voda, pepeo, koks, gornja ogrjevna vrijednost). Na uzorku koštica datulja svih sorti (Medjool, Deglet Noor, Fard, Lulu, Sag'ai, Khouri, Sellaj) proveden je pokus pirolize kako bi se odredila količina bioulja i biougljena.
Prosječan udio vode u mesu datulja iznosi 15,94 %, dok u košticama datulja iznosi 10,13 %. Prosječan udio pepela u mesu datulja iznosi 2,21 %, dok u košticama datulja iznosi 1,32 %. Prosječan udio masti u mesu datulja iznosi 2,97 %, a škroba u mesu datulja iznosi 4,38 %. Prosječan udio koksa u košticama datulja iznosi 13,95 %. Procesom pirolize koštica datulja dobiveno je 61,61 % bioulja i 22,12 % biougljena. Prosječna gornja ogrjevna vrijednost koštica datulja iznosi 17,55 MJ/kg, dok gornja ogrjevna vrijednost biougljena iznosi 31,64 MJ/kg. Udio pepela u biougljenu iznosi 4,76 %, a udio koksa u biougljenu iznosi 83,76 %. Prosječna visina koštica datulja je 23,16 mm, prosječna širina koštica datulja je 7,87 mm, a prosječna debljina koštica datulja je 6,89 mm. Sferičnost koštice datulja iznosi 47 %. |
| Abstract (english) | Date palm (lat. Phoenix dactilyfera L.) is only species from palm family whose fruit has commercial use. The fruit is edible, and the seeds are used for cattle feeding. Because of its high sugar content (up to 80 %), it is important in nutrition of local population in Egypt, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, etc. Due to its multipurpose use, the nutritional properties of the date palm and the energy properties of the date palm seed were studied in this paper.
After sample collection, for each variety were determined nutritive properties of flesh of date palm (water, ash, starch, fats) and energy properties of the date palm seed (water, ash, coke, top calorific value). A pyrolysis experiment was carried out on the sample of the seeds from all varieties (Medjool, Deglet Noor, Fard, Lulu, Sag'ai, Khouri, Sellaj) to determine the amount of bio-oil and bio-coal.
The average portion of water in flesh of date palm is 15,94 %, while in date palm seed is 10,13 %. The average portion of ash in flesh of date palm is 2,21 %, while in date palm seed is 1,32 %. The average portion of fats in flesh of date palm is 2,97 %, and starch in flesh of date palm is 4,38 %. The average portion of coke in date palm seed is 13,95 %. By the pyrolysis process, date palm seed yielded 61,61 % of bio-oil, and 22,12 % of bio-coal. The average top calorific value of date palm seed is 17,55 MJ/kg, while top calorific value of bio-coal is 31,64 MJ/kg. The portion of ash in bio-coal is 4,76 %, and portion of coke in bio-coal is 83,76 %. The average height of date palm seed is 23,16 mm, the average width of date palm seed is 7,87 mm, and average thickness of date palm seed is 6,89 mm. The sphericality of date palm seed is 47 %. |
