| Abstract | Zbog otežanog suzbijanja uzročnika bolesti, bakterioze su, uz viroze, oduvijek bile problem u svjetskoj poljoprivredi, osobito na višegodišnjim kulturama. Jedna od najznačajnijih bolesti voćnih vrsta svakako je bakteriozni palež čiji je uzročnik, bakterija Erwinia amylovora. Iako je uzročnik poznat još od 1878. godine, zaraza ovom bakterijom se svijetom eksplozivno počela širiti u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća i od tada redovito nanosi velike štete gospodarstvu zemalja u kojima je prisutna. Radi se o bakteriji koja zaražava više od 160 biljnih vrsta iz tridesetak različitih rodova. Gledano s ekonomskog gledišta, najveće štete zasigurno nanosi kruškama i jabukama. Kemijski pripravci za zaštitu bilja registrirani za suzbijanje ove bakterije koriste se preventivno. Zbog administrativne zabrane, antibiotici, koji postižu dobre rezultate u preventivnom suzbijanju bakterije, nisu dostupni na hrvatskom tržištu sredstava za zaštitu bilja, a nekemijske mjere suzbijanja bakterioznog paleža često su nedovoljne u sprječavanju širenja bolesti. U radu su opisani biologija ove fitopatogene bakterije, simptomi bolesti te mjere njenog suzbijanja. Osnovni cilj ovog diplomskog rada bila je provjera djelovanja bakrovog nitrata u suzbijanju bakterije Erwinia amylovora u in vitro uvjetima. Hipoteza da će otopine bakrovog nitrata imati antibakterijsko djelovanje je potvrđena u slučaju otopina koncentracija 1 M, 0,1 M, 0,01 M i 0,001 M, a nije u slučaju najrjeđe testirane koncentracije (0,0001 M). |
| Abstract (english) | Due to the difficult suppression of the cause of the disease, bacteriosis has, alongside viroses, always been a problem in world agriculture, especially in perennial plants. One of the most significant diseases of fruit species is certainly fire blight caused by bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Although the causing organism has been known since 1878, infections caused by it began to spread widely in the second half of the 20th century and since has been causing great damage to the economy of the countries in which it is present. It is the bacterium that infects more than 160 plant species in thirty different genera. From the economic point of view, the greatest damage is certainly in pears and apples. Chemical plant protection products registered for the control of this bacterium are used preventively. Due to administrative bans, antibiotics, that gain good results in preventing the infections by the bacterium, are not available on the Croatian market for plant protection products, and non-chemical measures meant to suppress fire blight, are often insufficient to prevent the spreading of the disease. This work describes the biology of this phytopathogenic bacterium, the symptoms of the disease and the extent of its suppression. The main aim of this graduate thesis was to verify the action of copper nitrate in suppression of Erwinia amylovora bacterium in vitro. The hypothesis that copper nitrate solutions have antibacterial activity is confirmed in the case of solutions of 1 M, 0.1 M, 0.01 M and 0.001 M concentrations, but not in the case of the lowest tested concentration (0.0001 M). |
