DISC1 is a scaffold protein described as a risk factor for major mental illnesses, including schizophrenia. It was discovered in Scottish family 23 years ago. The gene was identified at the breakpoint on chromosome 1 of the balanced translocation (1;11) (q42.1; q14.3). In the last few decades there has also been an accent on the role of dopamine in pathophysiology of mental illnesses, specifically the dopamine receptors. Since then, different hypotheses have surfaced about its involvement in those illnesses. One of the main theories is the ‘Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia’. It described an impact of DISC1 in regulation of dopamine receptors in the striatum. DISC1 affects the receptors regulation, GSK3 pathway for D2R and KLF16 gene for D2R, and causes excessive transmission of dopamine. Increased dopamine synthesis has been related to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. For studying the pathology of DISC1 related illnesses scientists use rodent models. Their genetic, biological and behaviour characteristics closely resemble those of humans which makes them great candidates for drug development.