This dissertation depicts interpersonal communication within framework of relationship between patients and health care providers. It is a specific bond, influenced by a multitude of factors, and its importance is reflected in the ability to significantly influence treatment outcomes. Selected components of interpersonal communication are crucial factors in creating this relationship; hence if used meaningfully and purposefully they can lead to a relationship characterized by trust, understanding, cooperation, empathy and patient satisfaction which ultimately leads to an effective treatment process. The aim of the research was therefore to investigate the perception of health care providers in Croatia about the role of interpersonal communication and its selected components in the interaction with the patient, with a special focus on the adherence of chronic patients. Adherence represents the extent to which patient’s behaviour is in compliance with recommendations agreed upon with the health care provider and is globally at a level of only about 50% (Sabaté 2003: 3-7). The potential of interpersonal communication having a positive impact on the patient leads to better adherence and consequently to better outcomes for patients, their loved ones, health systems and society as a whole emphasizes the importance of this research. 424 health care providers in the Republic of Croatia participated in the survey conducted using the survey questionnaire method. The results of the research indicate that there is a high level of awareness of health care providers about the positive impact of interpersonal communication on various aspects of patient care, and in particular about the impact of interpersonal communication on patient adherence. In addition, they point to significant differences among the surveyed professions, which creates a solid foundation not only for targeted education but for further research and improvement of interpersonal communication skills, adherence and patient outcomes as well.