| Abstract | Rad započinje pojmom nabave koji se poistovjećuje s pojmom kupnje. Zadatak nabave je
osigurati raspoloživost kapaciteta dobave. Opskrba se treba obavljati iz pouzdanih izvora tj.
dobavljača u određenim količinama, po povoljnim cijenama i isporukom u pravome mjestu i u
pravo vrijeme. Zatim se navode rizici nabave koji su većinom financijski. Zanemarivanje
rizika smatra se najvećim uzrokom loših odluka. Kada se govori o strategiji nabave strateško
ponašanje je važan preduvjet za kontrolu, planiranje i realizaciju aktivnosti. Također, navode
se i politika nabave te operativni proces nabave. Operativno upravljanje polazi od
gospodarskog subjekata tj. odnosi se na zapošljavanje manjeg broja ljudi određenih znanja i
sposobnosti. Sustav se sastoji od podsustava upravljanja zalihama, kvalitetom, razvojem,
proizvodnim procesom te informacijskim procesom. Elementi nabavnog procesa obuhvaćaju
zahtjev za nabavu, upit, ponudu, vođenje pregovora u nabavi, ugovor o nabavi i narudžba,
prijam materijala u skladište i reklamacije. Nakon toga navodi se način odabira dobavljača.
Odabiru se prema subjektivnoj ocjeni nekoliko kriterija (cijeni robe, uvjetima plaćanja i roku
isporuke). Kao primjer navodi se Tvin d.o.o. koji je u vlasništvu obitelji Vampovac. Tvin se
bavi obradom drveta te se njegovo sjedište nalazi u Virovitici. Može se reći kako posluju sa
cijelom Europom. Dobavljače odabiru prema kriteriju kvalitete, cijene i pouzdanosti koja je
najvažnija. Početkom Covid krize počeo se javljati nedostatak sirovina, te kako bi zadovoljili
potrebe proizvodnje moraju nadopunjavati dobavljače s kojima su poslovali sa novim
dobavljačima. Roba na skladištu prati se pomoću sustava i fizičkim prebrojavanjem u
skladištu. U pravilu materijal dolazi tjedan dana prije slanja u proizvodnju, no ukoliko dođe
prije ili poslije predviđenog roka povećat će se rizik od reklamacija. Do reklamacija najčešće
dolazi oštećenjem u transportu. |
| Abstract (english) | The paper begins with the notion of procurement which is equated with the notion of
purchase. The task of procurement is to ensure the availability of supply capacity. Supply
should be performed from reliable sources, ie suppliers in certain quantities, at reasonable
prices and delivery in the right place and at the right time. Procurement risks, which are
mostly financial, are then listed. Neglecting risk is considered to be the biggest cause of bad
decisions. When it comes to procurement strategy, strategic behavior is an important
prerequisite for controlling, planning and implementing activities. Also, the procurement
policy and the operational procurement process are stated. Operational management starts
from the economic entity, ie it refers to the employment of a smaller number of people with
certain knowledge and skills. The system consists of subsystems of inventory management,
quality, development, production process and information process. Elements of the
procurement process include procurement request, inquiry, bid, procurement negotiations,
procurement contract and order, receipt of materials in the warehouse and complaints. The
method of selecting a supplier is then specified. Several criteria (price of goods, payment
terms and delivery time) are selected according to a subjective assessment. An example is
Tvin d.o.o. which is owned by the Vampovac family. Tvin is engaged in wood processing and
its headquarters are located in Virovitica. It can be said that they do business with the whole
of Europe. Suppliers are selected according to the criteria of quality, price and reliability,
which are the most important. At the beginning of the Covid crisis, there was a shortage of
raw materials, and in order to meet the needs of production, they had to supplement the
suppliers with whom they did business with new suppliers. Goods in the warehouse are
tracked using the system and physical counting in the warehouse. As a rule, the material
arrives a week before it is sent to production, but if it arrives before or after the scheduled
deadline, the risk of complaints will increase. Complaints are most often caused by damage in
transport. |
