Energy is a fundamental resource essential to almost all production and consumption processes, making it one of the most important factors influencing the economic and social development of any country. The need for a single energy policy in the European Union and its inclusion in the provisions of the Treaties originated from the necessity for secure and sustainable energy, as well for the reasons of competitiveness and productivity, each of which is required in today's fast – changing and globalized market. The European Union faces substantial energy-related challenges, encompassing issues of sovereignty, reliance on imports, security of supply, and the effective operation of the internal energy market. The significance of sustainable and renewable energy sources is growing, necessitating an undeniable transition towards a low-carbon Europe and the pursuit of energy independence. As a consequence, various directives, regulations, and laws are introduced so that the economy can function without interruption, providing security not only to the public and private business sector but to all residents of the European Union. This thesis focuses on the examination of how foreign trade policies can strengthen the self-reliance of the European Union, with a particular emphasis on the significance of strategic documents governing the European Union's trade relations with third countries. It places a primary focus on the energy import and export dynamics, as well as energy production and consumption. To foster energy independence, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive framework for the common trade policy that effectively promotes and supports this purpose.