The main goal of this paper was to calculate and analyse the technical efficiency of upper secondary education in EU member states in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Technical efficiency was calculated through the DEA method, using the output-oriented BCC model. The mentioned model consisted of four input and three output variables. The input variables used in the model are: the total number of enrolled students, the number of teachers and academic staff, the average number of points in PISA mathematics and public expenditures (in % of GDP). On the other hand, the output variables that were used were: the value of the total SDG index, the value of the SDG4 index and the number of students who completed upper secondary education. By calculating the model, an attempt was made to test the accuracy of the statements of the two hypotheses. The first hypothesis suggests that the member states of the European Union have a high coefficient of technical efficiency of upper secondary education in achieving the overall and fourth goal of sustainable development. Given that 59.26% of the observed countries are at the efficiency limit and that the lowest coefficient in the observed model is 0.9516, the first hypothesis is accepted. The second hypothesis suggests that the coefficient of technical efficiency of upper secondary education is higher in 2018 compared to 2013. The percentage of countries that were on the edge of efficiency was higher in 2013 than in 2018. Also, the lowest efficiency coefficient in 2013 was 0.9708. Because of all the above, the second hypothesis is rejected.