Gender equality is a socio-legal concept aiming at achieving equality in rights, opportunities, as well as the social status of everyone, regardless of their gender. In the context of the public sector, this would imply the provision of equal opportunities and treatment for men and women within public institutions, including employment, promotion, management, participation in decision-making and access to resources and services. While in some countries significant progress has been made regarding gender equality – both in the context of the public sector and in general, many countries are still far from achieving equality between men and women. In this context, the role of the supreme audit institutions is very important. By conducting a state audit of gender equality, they help to identify existing problems of gender inequality in audited subjects and, by giving recommendations, point to the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the irregularities observed. The present thesis aims to provide an insight into current problems regarding gender inequality around the world and highlight the importance of supreme audit institutions in the fight against them. In doing so, special focus is placed on understanding concrete activities, that is, specific methods of auditing gender equality, which can be implemented as a compliance audit, a performance audit or a combination of these. In addition to the specifics of gender equality audits, the characteristics of other activities that supreme audit institutions contribute to the achievement of gender equality are also explained.