The accelerated development of traffic and traffic infrastructure, the growth of vehicles on the roads and the growth of energy consumption required to start traffic lead to undesirable and ultimately negative consequences for the environment and human health. Harmful consequences mostly relate to groundwater pollution, air and soil quality, and noise and vibration pollution. In recent years, the awareness of people, national governments, activists and many others about the harmful effects of traffic and petroleum products on the environment and quality of life has been growing. Decarbonization, i.e. low-carbon transport, is a long-term plan for achieving sustainable transport. The use of alternative fuels, i.e. alternative cars, is on the rise, i.e. the trends show that the number of people who turn to electricity as an alternative to conventional fuels is growing, therefore the aim of the work will be to define the concepts of electric cars, their main components, and determine the impact of the electric car industry on the environment. The paper will also write about the successful Croatian entrepreneur Mata Rimac, about the future of transportation - autonomous vehicles, and about the incentives that Croatia is giving to encourage more people to buy electric cars.