The aim of this paper is to analyze and explain the loan agreement and credit agreement, and highlight their fundamental characteristics, elements and content. Special attention is paid to the differences between these two legal institutes with regard to their legal and economic aspects. The paper tries to provide a clear understanding of both types of contracts, to show the key features of each of them, and to explain the role and importance of credit contracts in the modern financial system. Secondary research methodology was used for the preparation of the paper, which includes the collection of data from professional literature (legal sources, laws, scientific articles, databases). Research methods include analysis, synthesis, abstraction, descriptive method, comparative method, induction and deduction. The research resulted in a precise definition of loan and credit agreements. It was determined that the main differences between these two contracts are that the lender in the loan contract can be any legal or natural person, while in the loan contract it is always the bank. The object of the loan agreement can be money or exchangeable things, while the loan agreement is exclusively about money with the obligation to pay interest. Loans play a significant role in the modern economy, enabling the financing of investments and consumption and increasing competition on the market. It was concluded that both the loan agreement and the credit agreement have a significant role in the financial sector, but they differ according to the type of contracting parties, the subject of the agreement and obligations. A credit agreement, as a financial instrument, has greater importance with regard to its impact on economic growth, while a loan agreement is a simpler form of legal relationship. The differences between these two contracts are crucial for understanding their specificities and their proper application in the legal and economic context.