In order to ensure economic growth, full employment, macroeconomic stability and a better overall life for its citizens, each country must carry out appropriate economic and monetary policy. Ensuring low and stable inflation is one of the most important conditions for sustainable economic growth and in most of countries is the main goal of monetary policy. Achieving low and stable inflation is a complex task for any country. Strategies such as exchange rate targeting or monetary aggregate targeting that were implemented from the 1970s to the 1990s proved to be very unsuccessful as most countries failed to control inflation at the desired level. So they decided in the 1990s to abandon this type of monetary strategy and turn to a new strategy. New Zealand was the first country to adopt an inflation targeting strategy, and later the UK, Israel, Sweden, Finland, etc. Since its inception, more than twenty countries have introduced an inflation targeting strategy and this number has been increasing every year. The positive effects of inflation targeting can be seen in the context of a decrease in the average level of inflation and inflation expectations and a neutral impact on average economic growth. Today, the largest number of developed European countries use this strategy, and among them are Sweden, Great Britain, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic.