| Abstract | Regulatorni okvir, kao i regulatorno upravljanje i neovisnost institucije, ključni su elementi za učinkovitu regulaciju. Danas se regulatori i donositelji politika suočavaju s nekoliko izazova: moraju se pozabaviti tradicionalnim aspektima ICT -a i procijeniti njihovu odgovarajuću ulogu u rješavanju regulatornih i političkih pitanja koja proizlaze iz novih digitalnih tehnologija i usluga. Osim tradicionalnijih pitanja, poput povezivanja i infrastrukture razvoj digitalno okruženje potiče razmatranje šireg spektra sektora izvan informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija kao što su zdravstvo, financije, obrazovanje, promet i energija. Pitanja koja treba riješiti uključuju, ali nisu ograničena na, regulaciju sadržaja, privatnost, zaštitu potrošača, konkurenciju i umjetnu inteligenciju. Ovisno o svojim nadležnostima i kapacitetima, tradicionalni ICT regulatori mogu biti manje upoznati s ovim pitanjima, imati ograničena sredstva za njihovo rješavanje ili im nedostaju jasna ovlaštenja za usvajanje regulatornog okvira za upravljanje digitalnim uslugama. Sektorska regulacija evoluirala je u posljednja tri desetljeća, počevši od razvoja regulatornih okvira za telekomunikacije kada su zemlje počele otvarati svoja tržišta konkurenciji. Uredba je zatim proširena tako da uključuje informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije za rješavanje pitanja vezanih uz nove tehnologije i usluge koje pruža Internet. U tom kontekstu sve se više radi na regulaciji digitalnih usluga.Trenutna uredba na razini Europske unije nije zadovoljavajuća jer ne pokriva sve potrebne čimbenike vezane uz digitalne usluge, a određene odredbe mogu se tumačiti različito. Europska komisija predložila je Uredbu o digitalnim uslugama koja pruža modernizirani okvir za digitalne usluge uz očuvanje osnovnih načela zemlje podrijetla, ograničene odgovornosti i zabranu općeg praćenja. Naveden je jasan cilj uklanjanja ilegalnih sadržaja s interneta i mogućnost odabira regulatornog instrumenta koji osigurava usklađenu primjenu u svim državama članicama EU. Kako bi novi regulatorni okvir na razini Europske unije bio funkcionalan, odnosno primjenjiv, važno je da ukloni sve identificirane probleme i da se može implementirati u različita područja digitalnih usluga. Osim navedenog, važno je omogućiti državama članicama Europske unije provedbu regulatornog okvira na razini Europske unije putem vlastitih regulatornih tijela. Osim navedenog, važno je da države članice Europske unije više surađuju na području usklađivanja regulacije digitalnih usluga na svom području. Na taj se način može uskladiti primjena propisa o digitalnim uslugama na razini svih država članica EU. |
| Abstract (english) | Regulatory framework, as well as regulatory governance and the independence of the institution, are key elements for effective regulation. Today, regulators and policy makers face several challenges: they need to address the traditional aspects of ICT and assess their appropriate role in addressing regulatory and policy issues arising from new digital technologies and services.In addition to more traditional issues, such as connectivity and infrastructure development, the digital environment encourages consideration of a wider range of sectors outside of information and communication technologies such as health, finance, education, transport and energy. Issues to be addressed include, but are not limited to, content regulation, privacy, consumer protection, competition, and artificial intelligence. Depending on their competencies and capacities, traditional ICT regulators may be less familiar with these issues, have limited resources to address them, or may lack clear authority to adopt a regulatory framework on which to manage digital services. Sectoral regulation has evolved over the last three decades, beginning with the development of regulatory frameworks for telecommunications when countries began to open their markets to competition. The regulation was then extended to include information and communication technologies to address issues related to new technologies and services provided by the Internet. In this context, more and more work is being done on the regulation of digital services. The current regulation at the level of the European Union is not satisfactory because it does not cover all the necessary factors related to digital services, and certain provisions may be interpreted differently. The European Commission has proposed a Digital Services Regulation which provides a modernised framework for digital services while preserving the basic principles of the country of origin, limited liability and a ban on general monitoring. The clear goal of removing illegal content from the Internet and the possibility of choosing a regulatory instrument that ensures harmonized application in all EU Member States was stated. In order for the new regulatory framework at the level of the European Union to be functional, ie to be applicable, it is important that it eliminates all identified problems and that it can be implemented in various areas of digital services. In addition to the above, it is important to enable the Member States of the European Union to implement the regulatory framework at the level of the European Union through their own regulatory bodies. In addition to the above, it is important that the Member States of the European Union cooperate more in the field of harmonization of the regulation of digital services in their area. In this way, the application of digital services regulations at the level of all EU Member States can be harmonized. |
