Takeovers and mergers have a special attention in the banking industry over the last decade as the number of bank takeovers and mergers has significantly increased. The motives or reasons for the takeover or merger are reflected in lower operating costs, opportunities for growth and gaining a competitive advantage in the market. The strategic business plans of banks, in the segment of gaining market advantages, increasingly rely on takeovers and mergers, as well as on the progress in business conditions. Especially during the crisis these business activities drive both technological and business innovation. Therefore, acquisitions and mergers in the banking sector are expected to increase the number of these business activities in the coming period, thus making efforts to optimize the cost structure and increase business efficiency. Given the increasingly important role of takeovers and mergers, the aim of this paper is to use secondary data to present the theoretical framework of integration processes in the banking industry, as well as the banking regulatory framework as well as trends of mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry in Croatia. Also, through the case study, the aim is, also using secondary data, to analyze the successful takeover of Jadranska banka by Hrvatska poštanska banka and to conclude on current and future trends and motives for takeovers and mergers in the Croatian banking sector. The results of the secondary research that included the analysis of the financial reports of Hrvatska poštanska banka and Jadranska banka, confirmed that the takeover activity was adequately implemented in the strategic development plan of Hrvatska poštanska banka and that the merger of Jadranska banka with Hrvatska poštanska banka was successful and had a positive effect on Hrvatska poštanska banka after the merger of Jadranska banka.