| Abstract | Osobe sa invaliditetom se susreću sa raznim poteškoćama u razvoju motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti te socijalnom integracijom u društvo, te je iz tog razloga potrebno provoditi različite interdisciplinarne i holističke programe u okviru kompleksne edukacije i rehabilitacije. Iz tog se razloga u posljednje vrijeme razmatra i uvodi primjena Halliwick koncepta kao komplementarne metode u kontekstu poticanja različitih psihofizičkih dimenzija u pojedinca. Halliwick metodu (sada koncept) utemeljena je polovicom prošlog stoljeća i obuhvaća učenje plivanja bez upotrebe pomagala za plutanje što izravno vodi do kontrole disanja i ravnoteže, kao i slobode kretanja. U okviru ovog pristupa poznavanje hidrostatike i hidrodinamike omogućilo je shvaćanje problema pokreta i ravnoteže u vodi koje su prisutne kod osoba sa poteškoćama u razvoju. U tom smislu razvijen je princip programa deset točaka koji je usmjeren na poticanje slijedećih psihofizičkih područja: 1) Mentalna prilagodba, 2) Odvajanje, 3) Transverzalna kontrola rotacije, 4) Sagitalna kontrola rotacije, 5) Longitudinalna kontrola rotacije, 6) Kombinirana kontrola rotacije, 7) Uzgon, 8) Ravnoteža u mirovanju, 9) Klizanje u turbulenciji, 10) Jednostavni napredak i osnovni plivački pokreti. Tijekom provedbe Halliwick koncepta osoba postupno stječe kontrolu u disanju, poboljšanje ravnoteže i kontrole pokreta u vodi i izvan nje, postaje samopouzdanija i dobiva iskustvo slobode kretanja u vodi. Osim što vodeni medij djeluje na tijelo tako što smanjuje opterećenje na mišično-koštani i ligamentarni sustav ono povećava sigurnost u aspektu kretanja što onda dovodi do olakšanog kretanja u svakodnevnom životu. Također, ovaj koncept je temeljen na ideji da aktivne grupe imaju međusobnu motivaciju, unaprijeđuju učenje i razvijaju socijalnu interakciju.
Na temelju navedenog definiran je cilj ovog rada koji se odnosio na procjenu dobrobiti primjene Halliwick koncepta, odnosno praćenja promjena u motoričkom funkcioniranju i socijalnoj interakciji kod djece s različitim neurorazvojnim poteškoćama. U svrhu procjene korišten je SWIM test (Swimming With Independant Measures) a podaci su obrađeni su kvantitativno i deskriptivno. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali linearan rast u obuhvaćenim područjima procjene što ukazuje na pozitivan učinak Halliwick konceptu u djece s različitim neurorazvojnim poteškoćama. |
| Abstract (english) | People with disabilities face various difficulties in the development of motor and functional abilities and social integration into society, and for this reason it is necessary to implement various interdisciplinary and holistic programs within the framework of complex education and rehabilitation. For this reason, the application of the Halliwick concept has recently been considered and introduced as a complementary method in the context of encouraging different psychophysical dimensions in an individual. The Halliwick method (now a concept) was founded in the middle of the last century and includes learning to swim without the use of flotation aids, which directly leads to breathing control and balance, as well as freedom of movement. Within this approach, knowledge of hydrostatics and hydrodynamics made it possible to understand the problems of movement and balance in water that are present in people with developmental disabilities. In this sense, the principle of the ten-point program was developed, which is aimed at stimulating the following psychophysical areas: 1) Mental adaptation, 2) Separation, 3) Transverse control of rotation, 4) Sagittal control of rotation, 5) Longitudinal control of rotation, 6) Combined control of rotation , 7) Buoyancy, 8) Balance at rest, 9) Gliding in turbulence, 10) Simple progression and basic swimming movements. During the implementation of the Halliwick concept, a person gradually gains control over breathing, improves balance and movement control in and out of the water, becomes more confident and experiences freedom of movement in the water. In addition to the fact that the water medium affects the body by reducing the load on the musculoskeletal and ligamentous system, it increases safety in terms of movement,
which then leads to easier movement in everyday life. Also, this concept is based on the idea that active groups have mutual motivation, improve learning and develop social interaction.
Based on the above, the goal of this paper was defined, which was related to the assessment of the benefits of applying the Halliwick concept, that is, monitoring changes in motor functioning and social interaction in children with various neurodevelopmental disabilities. For the purpose of assessment, the SWIM test (Swimming With Independent Measures) was used, and the data were processed quantitatively and descriptively. The obtained results showed a linear growth in the included assessment areas, which indicates a positive effect of the Halliwick concept in children with different neurodevelopmental difficulties. |
