| Abstract | Adolescencija je razdoblje u kojem mladi teže neovisnosti, mnogi ulaze u prve ljubavne veze, te se nerijetko kreću upuštati u rizična ponašanja, uključujući rizično seksualno ponašanje. Pritom važnu ulogu, između ostalog, imaju i obiteljski čimbenici. No, iako prisutno, rizično seksualno ponašanje i dalje je nedovoljno istražena tema, posebice u Hrvatskoj i među mladima s problemima u ponašanju. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada utvrditi razinu rizika i spolne razlike s obzirom na rizično seksualno ponašanje te povezanost statičkih i dinamičkih rizičnih čimbenika u obitelji i rizičnog seksualnog ponašanja kod mladih, korisnika intervencija Hrvatskog zavoda za socijalni rad. Istraživanje je dio projekta „Razvoj instrumenta za procjenu fenomenoloških obilježja ponašanja djece u sustavu socijalne skrbi“ u okviru Programa za unaprjeđenje procjene i intervencija za djecu i mlade s problemima u ponašanju ISKORAK, od 2021. do 2024. godine, a kojeg provodi Ured UNICEF-a za Hrvatsku u suradnji sa Sveučilištem u Zagrebu, Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskim fakultetom, u partnerstvu s Ministarstvom rada, mirovinskoga sustava, obitelji i socijalne politike i Ministarstvom pravosuđa i uprave. Uzorak čini 94 mlada korisnika intervencija Hrvatskog zavoda za socijalni rad, u dobi od 12 do 19 godina koji su tijekom 2022. godine bili uključeni u neku intervenciju u okviru sustava socijalne skrbi zbog problema u ponašanju. Od ukupnog uzorka 66% čine mladići, a 34% djevojke. Za potrebe istraživanja korišten je Upitnik o ponašanjima djece i mladih u kojem se osim općih podataka, drugi dio upitnika odnosi na procjenu 12 dimenzija ponašanja, uključujući subskalu rizično seksualno ponašanje. Uz to, korištena je Modificirana ček lista statičkih i dinamičkih rizičnih čimbenika koju su za svakog korisnika ispunjavali stručnjaci Hrvatskog zavoda za socijalni rad, a odnosi se na podatke o korisniku i obitelji, te procjenu statičkih i dinamičkih rizičnih čimbenika. Prilikom analize podataka koristile su se metode deskriptivne statistike (aritmetička sredina, medijan, mod, standardna devijacija, raspon rezultata), Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije, Mann–Whitney U–Test, te Kolmorgorov–Smirnovljev test za testiranje normalnosti distribucije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako se mladi korisnici Hrvatskog zavoda za socijalni rad nalaze na niskoj razini rizika s obzirom na rizično seksualno ponašanje (M=1.59; D=1.57). Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između djevojaka i mladića s obzirom na rizična seksualna ponašanja, na način da mladići iskazuju više rizičnih seksualnih ponašanja u odnosu na djevojke (U= 731.000; Z= -2.097; p<0.05). Što se tiče obiteljskih rizičnih čimbenika, najveći broj mladih (22.8%) nema prisutan niti jedan statički rizični čimbenik, no njih čak 42.3% ima prisutna četiri ili više statička rizična čimbenika. U pogledu dinamičkih rizičnih čimbenika, sudionici su
niskog do umjerenog rizika po prisutnosti dinamičkih obiteljskih rizičnih čimbenika. Naposljetku, nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost između statičkih obiteljskih rizičnih čimbenika i rizičnog seksualnog ponašanja (r= -.004, p>0.05).), niti statistički značajna povezanost između dinamičkih obiteljskih čimbenika i rizičnog seksualnog ponašanja (r= -.053; p>0.05). |
| Abstract (english) | Adolescence is a period in which young people strive for independence, many enter into their first love relationships, and often engage in risky behaviors, including risky sexual behavior. Among other things, family factors also play an important role. However, although present, risky sexual behavior is still an insufficiently researched topic, especially in Croatia and among young people with behavioral problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the level of risk and gender differences in risky sexual behavior and the correlation between static and dynamic risk factors in the family and risky sexual behavior in young people, beneficiaries of the interventions of the Croatian Institute for Social Work. The research is part of the project "Development of an instrument for the assessment of phenomenological characteristics of the behavior of children in the social welfare system" within the Program for the improvement of assessment and intervention for children and young people with behavioral problems ISKORAK, from 2021 to 2024, and which is carried out by The UNICEF Office for Croatia in cooperation with the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, in partnership with the Ministry of Labour, Pension System, Family and Social Policy and the Ministry of Justice and Administration. The sample consists of 94 young beneficiaries of the intervention of the Croatian Institute for Social Work, between the ages of 12 and 19, who were during 2022 involved in an intervention within the social welfare system due to behavioral problems. Of the total sample, 66% are males, and 34% are females. For the purposes of the research, the Questionnaire on the Behavior of Children and Young People was used, in which, in addition to general data, the second part of the questionnaire refers to the assessment of 12 dimensions of behavior, including the risky sexual behavior subscale. In addition, Modified checklist of static and dynamic risk factors was used, which was filled out for each user by the experts of the Croatian Institute for Social Work, and it refers to information about the beneficiaries and the family, as well as the assessment of static and dynamic risk factors. Descriptive statistics methods (arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range of results), Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kolmorgorov-Smirnov test for testing normality of distribution were used during data analysis. The results of the research show that young beneficiaries of the Croatian Institute for Social Work are at a low level of risk with regard to risky sexual behavior (M=1.59; D=1.57). A statistically significant difference was found between males and females in risky sexual behavior, in such a way that males report more risky sexual behavior compared to females (U= 731,000; Z= -2,097; p<0.05). As for family risk
factors, the largest number of young people (22.8%) does not have a single static risk factor, but as many as 42.3% of them have four or more static risk factors. In terms of dynamic risk factors, participants are at low to moderate risk for the presence of dynamic family risk factors. Finally, no statistically significant association was found between static family risk factors and risky sexual behavior (r= -.004, p>0.05), nor a statistically significant association between dynamic family factors and risky sexual behavior (r= -.053 ; p >0.05). |
