Language and speech development begins with the child's birth. Parallel with child's language and speech development begins the process of literacy, which begins with the appearance of early literacy. Parents are the child's first environment who contribute to its development of speech and language and early literacy.The aim of this work was to see the recent domestic and foreign literature on the role of parents in the development of language and speech of preschool children.Results of numerous studies have shown that parental verbal responsiveness from an early age contributes to language and speech development of children with typical language development, children with disorders in language and speech development, or children at risk for their development.Strategies such as child-directed speech, repetition and expansion of the child's production, wh-questions, description of an object, event or activity, and talking about past events contribute to language and speech development of a child of preschool age.Strategies such as dialogic reading, listening to music, language games contribute to language and speech development and are also essential to encourage early literacy.The effectiveness of those strategies of parental verbal responsiveness and early literacy is reflected in their quality and quantity. This means following the child's interests, which are to be performed in the context of play that is child's natural environment and in the context of other child's activities.