The development and socialization of children and young people is determined by a number of different risk and protective factors that act through many segments of their personal and social action. Risk factors are those that increase the likelihood of behavioral problems, while protective reduce the risk that these problems occur or alleviate them. Risk and protective factors do not have the same impact on every individual and in this paper they are observed in the context of the island's community, specifically on the island Vis. The aim of this research is to gain insight into the self-assessment of risk and protective factors of children and young people of the island of Vis in order to assess the needs of children and young people as a basis for planning and implementation of prevention interventions. The survey covers a total of 110 participants, children and young people of the island of Vis, of which 35 primary school students (51.4% boys, 48.6% girls) and 75 high school students (49.3% boys, 50.7% girls). The results showed that the risk factors are associated with the school environment: students repeating a grade, low estimate of interesting content that is taught in the school, lack of leisure activities and uninformed parents about the successes and the positive behavior of children in school, while protective factors are made of academic success, high attendance in school, connection with teachers and teachers who notice prosocial behavior. The greatest risk factor in the community is the high availability of addictive substances, particularly alcohol and low perception of alcohol harmfulness in the community. Prosocial orientation and self-esteem and the importance of parents' opinions about their decisions is expressed as a protective factor, and as a risk factor lower scores on a scale self-confidence and the importance of thinking of peers on their decisions as a potential risk of peer pressure.