| Abstract | Uvid u normalnu funkciju fetalnog mozga, ali i prenatalno otkrivanje poremećaja, omogućava nam procjena spontano generiranih pokreta. Spontano generirani pokreti su pokreti fetusa i mladog dojenčeta koji se očituju dobno specifičnim obilježjima u dvije faze: fazi uvijanja i fazi vrpoljenja. Razlikujemo normalan i tri tipa abnormalnih spontano generiranih pokreta, a to su siromašni, grčevito – sinkronizirani i kaotični spontani pokreti. Istraživanja pokazuju da je prediktivna snaga procjena najbolja u fazi vrpoljenja, tj. od 2. do 4. mjeseca života, te da abnormalnost pokreta u 95% dojenčadi ukazuje na cerebralnu paralizu ili druge poremećaje. Prema tipu pokreta može predvidjeti i tip kasnijeg neurološkog ishoda djeteta pa prema tome npr. abnormalni spontano generirani pokreti ili odsutstvo spontano generiranih pokreta ukazuju na cerebralnu paralizu, a blago abnormalni spontano generirani pokreti, ako ne ukazuju na cerebralnu paralizu, onda mogu biti naznaka za razvoj poremećaja pažnje i hiperaktivnosti, manjih neuroloških disfunkcija ili agresivnog ponašanja. Cilj je ovog diplomskog rada opisati dobno specifična obilježja spontanih pokreta novorođenčeta u fazi uvijanja. Podcilj je ispitati učestalost i tip pokreta u fazi vrpoljenja praćenjem trajektorija djeteta bez čimbenika rizika. Kriterij za odabir sudionika ovog istraživanja je bio da je sudionik novorođenče iz uredne trudnoće i bez čimbenika rizika. Sudionik je muško novorođenče rođeno u 41.tjednu, 5 dana nakon termina iz uredne trudnoće i bez čimbenika rizika. Za istraživanje je korištena metoda opservacije koja se provodila analizom video zapisa snimljenih u određenim tjednima. Za potrebe istraživanja oformljene su tri tablice za praćenje djetetovog pokreta; 1) optimalnost pokreta globalnom i detaljnom procjenom za fazu uvijanja, 2) pojavnost i učestalost specifičnih pokreta prema središnjoj liniji u fazi vrpoljenja, te 3) individualni trajektorij djetetovog razvoja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je dojenče pokazalo siromašan repertoar pokreta u fazi uvijanja koji se s vremenom izmijenio te kroz fazu vrpoljenja pokazao kao normalan repertoar. U skladu s istraživanjima, ovakva promjena nerijetka je kod dojenčadi te i dalje pokazuje uvid u uredan razvoj djeteta što je i bilo nastojanje ovog istraživanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Insight into the normal function of the fetal brain as well as the prenatal detect of disorder, is enabled by general movement assessment. Spontaneously generated movements are movements of the fetus and the young infant, which are manifested by age-specific characteristics in two ages: writhing age and fidgety age. We distinguish normal repertoire and three types of abnormal general movements which are: poor, cramped-synchronized and chaotic general movements. Researches showed that predictive strength is the best at fidgety age, from 2 to 4 months of life, and that abnormality of movement in 95% of infants indicates cerebral palsy or other disorders. According to the type of movement can be predicted the type of later neurological outcomes of the child, and therefore, for example, abnormal general movements or the absence of general movements point to cerebral palsy, and mildly abnormal general movements, if not indicative for cerebral palsy, may be indicative for development of attention disorder and hyperactivity, minor neurological dysfunction or aggressive behavior. The main aim of this study was to describe the age-specific characteristics of the general movements in toddler at writhing age. Another aim was to examine the frequency and type of movement at fidgety age tracking the trajectory of the child without risk. The criterion for selecting the participant of this study was that the participant is a newborn from a regular pregnancy without any factors of risk. The participant is a male newborn, born in 41 week, 5 days after term from a regular pregnancy and without any factors of risk. The study used the observation as a method that is performed by analyzing video tapes recorded in certain weeks. For the purposes of research, three tables for tracking the child's movements were raised; 1) movement optimality score from detailed assessment of general movements at writhing age, 2) the occurrence and frequency of specific movements towards the central line at fidgety age, and 3) the individual trajectory of the child's development. The results of the study indicate that the infant showed a poor repertoire of general movements in writhing age, which over time changed and, through the fidgety age, proved to be a normal repertoire. According to researches, such a change is not infrequent in toddlers so this study is still showing us an insight into the typical development in toddler, as was the effort of this research. |
