Title Fonološke sposobnosti osoba s Downovim sindromom
Title (english) Phonological abilities of people with Down Syndrome
Author Mihaela Hoppe
Mentor Emica Farago (mentor)
Committee member Emica Farago (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Draženka Blaži (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dora Knežević (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences Zagreb
Defense date and country 2019-09-26, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Speech Therapy
Abstract Fonološke sposobnosti su sposobnosti koje uključuju fonološko pamćenje i fonološku
svjesnost. Fonološko pamćenje je sustav koji kodira i privremeno pohranjuje fonološke
informacije. Naziva se i fonološkom petljom. Ispituje se zadacima ponavljanja brojevnog niza
i ponavljanja pseudoriječi. Fonološka svjesnost odnosi se na osjetljivost na glasovnu strukturu
govornog jezika. Obuhvaća pojam fonemske svjesnosti, koja predstavlja sposobnost
manipuliranja fonemima u riječi. Fonološka svjesnost procjenjuje se različitim zadacima, kao
što su prepoznavanje i proizvodnja rime, slogovna analiza i sinteza, fonemska analiza i
sinteza.
Downov sindrom zahvaća 1 u 1000 do 1 u 1100 živorođene djece u svijetu. Najčešće je
uzrokovan trisomijom kromosoma 21. Karakteristike populacije s Downovim sindromom
uključuju prisutnost intelektualnih teškoća, značajnu učestalost oštećenja sluha, te razlike u
govornim obilježjima, kvaliteti glasa, rječničkim znanjima, morfosintaksi, čitanju i pisanju u
usporedbi s osobama urednog razvoja. U pragmatičkim vještinama djeca s Downovim
sindromom pokazuju i sličnosti i razlike u usporedbi s djecom urednog razvoja.
Cilj ovog preglednog rada jest doznati razlikuju li se osobe s Downovim sindromom u
sposobnostima fonološkog pamćenja i fonološke svjesnosti od osoba urednog intelektualnog
razvoja, analizirajući podatke iz znanstvenih istraživanja. Utvrđeno je da su u zadatku
ponavljanja elemenata iz brojevnog niza osobe s Downovim sindromom imale značajno niže
postignuće od osoba urednog razvoja u većini istraživanja gdje su dvije skupine bile
izjednačene u mentalnoj dobi. U ponavljanju pseudoriječi ispitanici s Downovim sindromom
također su ostvarivali značajno slabiji rezultat nego kontrolna skupina. Nadalje, u većini
zadataka fonološke svjesnosti primijenjenih na skupinama osoba s Downovim sindromom i
osoba urednog razvoja izjednačenih u čitanju, sudionici s Downovim sindromom pokazali su
značajno slabije postignuće. Osim toga, u nekim istraživanjima vidljiva je prisutnost teškoća u
uočavanju rime u sudionika s Downovim sindromom. Naposljetku, rezultati prikazanih
istraživanja mogu se koristiti kao smjernice u poticanju razvoja sposobnosti osoba s
Downovim sindromom, no potrebno je uzeti u obzir i individualna obilježja pripadnika te
populacije.
Abstract (english) Phonological abilities are abilities that include phonological memory and phonological
awareness. Phonological memory is a system which codes and temporarily storages
phonological informations. It is also named as phonological loop. It is assessed with digit
span task and nonword repetition task. Phonological awareness refers to the sensitivity for the
sound structure of oral language. It involves the term of phoneme awareness, which represents
the ability of manipulating phonemes in words. Phonological awareness is assessed with
different tasks, such as detection and production of rhyme, syllable segmentation and
blending, phoneme segmentation and blending.
Down syndrome affects 1 in 1000 to 1 in 1100 newborn children worldwide. It is most
commonly caused by trisomy 21. Characteristics of population with Down syndrome include
intellectual disabilities, significant incidence of hearing loss, and differences in speech
characteristics, voice quality, vocabulary knowledge, morphosyntax, reading and writing,
compared with typically developing people. Regarding pragmatic skills, children with Down
syndrome show both similarities and differences in comparison with typically developing
children.
The aim of this review is to find out do people with Down syndrome differ in phonological
memory and phonological awareness abilities from people of typical cognitive development.
The data from scientific studies were analyzed. It is affirmed that, regarding digit span task,
performance of individuals with Down syndrome was significantly lower compared with
typically developing individuals in majority of studies in which these two groups were
matched on mental age. Individuals with Down syndrome also had significantly lower
performance in nonword repetition, in comparison with typically developing individuals.
Moreover, in the majority of phonological awareness tasks administered on groups of people
with Down syndrome and typically developing people matched on level of reading,
participants with Down syndrome had significantly lower performance. Besides, in some
studies difficulties in rhyme detection in participants with Down syndrome are observed.
Finally, results of reviewed studies can be used as guidelines in fostering the development of
capabilities of people with Down syndrome, but it is also necessary to take into account their
individual characteristics.
Keywords
fonološke sposobnosti
fonološko pamćenje
fonološka svjesnost
Downov sindrom
Keywords (english)
phonological abilities
phonological memory
phonological awareness
Down syndrome
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:158:748820
Study programme Title: Graduate study of Speech and Language Pathology Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra logopedije (magistar/magistra logopedije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2019-10-28 14:08:07