Phonological substitutions in the language of children, after the earliest phase of mastering the lexicon, is usually substantially correct. Linguists express this correctness in the form of phonological rules, or what have become known in the literature on children's language as phonological processes or phonological patterns. In the context of what we currently know about actual linguistic processing in children, referring to phonological processes or patterns is a matter of descriptive practicality. This paper seeks to examine the various methods used to assess phonological disorders in children who speak Croatian or Italian. The standardised test is presented that is used to assess phonological disorders in children's language in the Italian speaking region (PFLI, Bortolini, 1995), and its failings, alongside a number of other tests. In addition, there is a presentation of how phonological disorders are assessed in children who use the Croatian language, as well as the appropriate tests used. There is no standardised diagnostic test in Croatia used exclusively for assessment of phonological disorders, although some tests include parts related to phonological assessment, such as the Articulation Test (Vuletić, 1990) and PredČip (Kuvač Kraljević and Lenček, 2011). Experts agree that standardised tests are not sufficient for a complete assessment, and encourage the use of additional assessment methods to make a more detailed analysis of the target sounds possible.