Title Biološki mehanizmi izbjeljivanja zubi Title (english) Biological mechanism of tooth whitening Author Mellory Nekić Mentor Stjepan Siber (mentor)Committee member Štefica Mikšić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivana Škrlec (član povjerenstva)Committee member Stjepan Siber (član povjerenstva)Granter Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Defense date and country 2021-09-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Izbjeljivanje zubi je postupak kojim vršimo estetsku korekciju zuba. Veliko nezadovoljstvo
vlastitim izgledom dolazi od same boje zuba. Pacijenti svoju boju zuba procjenjuju uvijek puno
tamnijom nego što to ona jest. Većina pacijenata teži za takozvanim hollywoodskim osmijehom.
Od aktivnih sastojaka materijala za izbjeljivanje zubi, danas se koriste natrij peroborat, vodikov
peroksid, karbamid peroksid i njihove varijante.
Vodikov peroksid oksidirajuće je sredstvo s dezinfekcijskim, antivirusnim i antibakterijskim
djelovanjem. Vodikov peroksid može se pronaći u različitim postotcima, uglavnom se koristi u
koncentraciji od trideset do trideset i pet posto.
Karbamid peroksid tijekom procesa izbjeljivanja zubi resorbira se na ureu i vodikov peroksid.
Urea se zatim resorbira na ugljikov dioksid i amonijak, a vodikov peroksid dopire do unutarnjeg
dijela zuba i potiče kemijsku reakciju izbjeljivanja.
Natrijev perborat koristi se u obliku bijelog praha, topljiv je u vodi, stabilan na suhom i hladnom
zraku. Najstarije i najraširenije sredstvo za izbjeljivanje je natrijev perborat koji se tijekom
uporabe hidrolizira te stvara vodikov peroksid i borat. Natrijev perborat je lakše kontroliran i
sigurniji od koncentrirane otopine vodikovog peroksida, radi toga se upotrebljava za unutarnje
izbjeljivanje zubi.
Točan mehanizam izbjeljivanja zuba nije u cijelosti razriješen, ali se uglavnom pripisuje
reakciji „oksidacije“. Tijekom postupka izbjeljivanja, ti visoko reaktivni radikali prodiru u
organsku matricu cakline i dentina, dospijevajući u pulpu za 5 do 15 minuta. Visoko
pigmentirani spojevi ugljikovog prstena otvaraju se i pretvaraju u lance svjetlije boje. Postojeći
spojevi ugljikovih dvostrukih veza, obično žuto pigmentirani, pretvaraju se u hidroksilne
skupine, koje su obično bezbojne. Kako se ovaj proces nastavlja, zub se neprestano posvjetljuje.
Također, postoje vitalni i avitalni postupci izbjeljivanja zubi. Izbjeljivanje vitalnih zubi
možemo podijeliti na četiri tehnike: profesionalno izbjeljivanje, izbjeljivanje pod nadzorom
stomatologa, izbjeljivanje kod kuće, Izbjeljivanje koje pacijent provodi samoinicijativno kod
kuće. Nadalje, avitalni postupci izbjeljivanja zubi dijeli se na walking bleach i termokataličku
tehniku.
Dokazano je da izbjeljivanje ne izaziva nikakve veće promjena na površinama i strukturama
cakline i dentina. Unutarnje izbjeljivanje zubi može dovesti do posljedice cervikalne resorpcije
9.SAŽETAK
21
korijena. Također, ne postoje pokazatelji koji bi upućivali na toksičnost i kancerogenost
vodikovog peroksida u izbjeljivanju zubi.
Abstract (english) Teeth whitening is a procedure by which we perform aesthetic tooth correction. Great
dissatisfaction with ones own appearance comes from the color of their teeth. Patients always
rate their tooth color much darker than it actualy is. Most patients aspire to a so-called
Hollywood smile. Of the active ingredients in teeth whitening materials, sodium peroborate,
hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide and their variants are used today.
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent with disinfectant, antiviral and antibacterial action.
Hydrogen peroxide can be found in various percentages, mainly used in a concentration of thirty
to thirty-five percent.
Carbamide peroxide is resorbed on urea and hydrogen peroxide during the teeth whitening
process. Urea is then resorbed into carbon dioxide and ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide
reaches the inside of the tooth and stimulates a chemical whitening reaction.
Sodium perborate is called perborate acid or metaperborate. It is used in the form of a white
powder, it is soluble in water and stable in dry and cold air. The oldest and most common
bleaching agent is sodium perborate, which hydrolyzes during use to form hydrogen peroxide
and borate. Sodium perborate is easier to control and safer than concentrated hydrogen peroxide
solution, so it is used for internal teeth whitening.
The exact mechanism of teeth whitening has not been fully resolved, but is mainly attributed to
the "oxidation" reaction. During the bleaching process, these highly reactive radicals penetrate
the organic matrix of enamel and dentin, reaching the pulp in 5 to 15 minutes. The highly
pigmented carbon ring joints open and turn into chains of a lighter color. Existing carbon double
bond compounds, usually yellow pigmented, are converted to hydroxyl groups, which are
usually colorless. As this process continues, the tooth constantly brightens.
There are also vital and avital teeth whitening procedures. Whitening of vital teeth can be
divided into four techniques: professional whitening, whitening under the supervision of a
dentist, whitening at home, Whitening that the patient performs on his own initiative at home.
Furthermore, avital teeth whitening procedures are divided into walking bleach and
thermocatalytic technique.
Bleaching has been shown not to cause any major changes to the surfaces and structures of
enamel and dentin. Internal teeth whitening can lead to the consequences of cervical root
10.SUMMARY
23
resorption. Also, there are no indications that show the toxicity and carcinogenicity of hydrogen
peroxide in teeth whitening.
Keywords
izbjeljivanje zubi
karbamid perkosid
natrijev preborat
vodikov peroksid.
Keywords (english)
Teeth whitening
urea percoside
sodium perborate
hydrogen peroxide.
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:243:919554 Study programme Title: University Undergraduate Study of Dental Hygiene Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-07-19 08:41:43
