Title Usporedba A i AB klase audio pojačala
Title (english) Comparison of class A and AB audio amplifiers
Author Marin Vidas
Mentor Ivan Đurek (mentor)
Committee member Ivan Đurek (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Antonio Petošić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Kristian Jambrošić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb
Defense date and country 2016-07-06, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Electrical Engineering
Abstract Za izradu pojačala koristimo tranzistore koji, ovisno o spoju u kojem rade, ostvaruju naponsko i strujno pojačanje. Za pojačala snage oba pojačanja su nam bitna te se stoga najčešće koriste kaskade pojačala, odnosno dva ili više pojačala spojena u lanac kod kojeg npr. prvo pojačalo služi kao naponsko pojačalo, a drugo pojačalo kao strujno pojačalo. Posebna izvedba pojačala snage su audio pojačala snage koja su optimirana za rad sa zvučnicima u čujnom frekvencijskom spektru. Audio pojačala snage dolaze u mnogo različitih izvedbi, ali svima su zajednički ulazni stupanj i naponsko pojačalo. Ono po čemu se najviše razlikuju su izlazni stupnjevi koji služe kao strujno pojačalo i definiraju klasu pojačala. Najčešće se koriste push-pull izvedbe koje omogućuju korištenje pojačala B i AB klase u audio svrhe, ali i veću korisnost pojačala A klase. Za male izlazne snage, pojačalo može biti izvedeno kao tranzistor u spoju zajedničkog kolektora ili, rjeđe, u spoju zajedničkog emitera. Za veće snage potrebno je koristiti drivere, signalne tranzistore velikog strujnog pojačanja koji pogone izlazne tranzistore snage. Izlazni tranzistori i driveri konfiguriraju se na tri osnovna načina: kao dvostruki zajednički kolektor (Darlington spoj), komplementarni par (CFP) i kvazi-komplementarni par. Od toga CFP konfiguracija ima najmanju razinu izobličenja, dok je kvazi-komplementarni spoj na začelju. U svrhu ovog rada projektirana i izrađena su dva pojačala u izvedbi dvostrukog zajedničkog kolektora, jedno A i drugo AB klase kako bismo ih mogli usporediti. Simulacije i mjerenja potvrđuju teoriju. Pojačala A klase imaju nižu razinu harmoničkih izobličenja, ali i nižu korisnost. Obje klase pojačala daju dobar zvuk, ali pojačala A klase prvi su izbor audiofila iako su potrebni posebni uvjeti da bi se čula razlika između te dvije klase pojačala ako su dobro dizajnirana.
Abstract (english) The most common way to build amplifiers is by using transistors. Depending on topology, the amplifiers can be voltage or current ones. For power amplifiers we need both voltage and current gain, therefore we use several amplifiers (stages) connected in cascade. Three main stages are usually used: input stage, voltage amplifier stage (VAS) and current amplifier stage (output stage). Special type of power amplifiers are audio power amplifiers that are optimized for driving loudspeakers and for amplifying frequency band that humans can hear. Audio amplifiers can come in different forms, but what makes them different from one another is a way how current amplifier stage is designed. That defines amplifier class. Push-pull configuration is most commonly used as it enables B and AB class amplifiers to be used as audio amplifiers, and it also improves class A amplifiers efficiency. For small output power, an amplifier can be made with a simple common collector or, rarely, a common emiter topology. For larger output power we use drivers, smaller signal transistors with greater current gain that drive large output power transistors. Output transistors and drivers can be arranged in three basic configurations: double common collector (Darlington configuration), complementary feedback pair (CFP) and quasi-complementary pair. CFP configuration is the most linear with the smallest distortion level. On the other hand, quasi-complementary pair is the worst one regarding distortion. Two amplifiers with double common collector topology, one class A and one class AB, were built as part of this thesis so we could compare them. Simulations and measurements confirm that class A amplifiers are more linear, therefore they produce less harmonic distortion, but with cost in terms of efficiency and large heatsink. Both amplifiers sound well connected to the speakers, but class A amplifiers are better options for audiophiles, although special conditions are necessary to distinguish two well-made class A and AB amplifiers.
Keywords
pojačalo
snaga
zvuk
A klasa
AB klasa
korisnost
izobličenja
frekvencija
sluh
Keywords (english)
amplifier
power
sound
class A
class AB
efficiency
distortion
frequency
hearing
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:168:398917
Study programme Title: Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka elektrotehnike i informacijske tehnologije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Closed access
Terms of use
Public note
Created on 2018-02-06 14:17:59