Title Razvoj regenerativnog hidrauličnog ovjesa za iskorištavanje energije vibriranja vozila
Title (english) Development of regenerative hydraulic suspension for energy harvesting of vehicle vibrations
Author Vjekoslav Tvrdić https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-8956
Mentor Srđan Podrug (mentor)
Committee member Željko Domazet (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Željan Lozina (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Jani Barle (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Lovre Krstulović-Opara (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Krešimir Vučković (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Damir Sedlar (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Tomac (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (Department of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture) Split
Defense date and country 2021-05-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline TECHNICAL SCIENCES Mechanical Engineering General Mechanical Engineering (Construction)
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 621 - Mechanical engineering. Nuclear technology. Machinery
Abstract U ovome radu je konstruiran, modeliran i izrađen prototip regenerativnog hidrauličnog ovjesa koji teoretski i praktično omogućava spremanje dijela energije vibriranja vozila. Predloženi regenerativni uređaj u odnosu na već prethodno objavljena istraživanja omogućava trajno spremanje energije u hidrauličnom akumulatoru i konstruiran je za približno stvarna dinamička opterećenja koja se javljaju pri vožnji vozila. Predložena je metodologija za konstrukciju prototipa koja sadrži proračun svih kritičnih komponenti uređaja, a koje su značajne za mehaničku funkcionalnost sustava. Predložen je novi nelinearni dinamički numerički bond graf model regenerativnog hidrauličnog ovjesa s dva stupnja slobode gibanja koji sadrži i objedinjuje različite fizikalne efekte, a koji nisu uzeti u obzir u prethodnim istraživanjima (npr. težine svih značajnih komponenti, aproksimacije svih lokalnih i dužinskih gubitaka hidraulične energije, krutost i prigušenje gume vozila, hidraulične krutosti ulja u komorama cilindra...).
Simulacijom i analizom numeričkog modela regenerativnog sustava s dva stupnja slobode gibanja dobivene su različite aproksimacijske ovisnosti kako neki parametar utječe na vrijednosti regenerirane snage i udobnost vožnje vozila (relativne pomake). Konkretno, analizirani su i istraženi utjecaji promjene: kvalitete ceste, amplitude i frekvencije ulazne pobude, krutosti i prigušenja gume vozila, neovješene i ovješene mase vozila, krutosti opruge ovjesa, promjera hidrauličnog cilindra i volumena/tlaka prednabijanja plina u hidrauličnom akumulatoru. Nakon provedenog istraživanja otkriveno je da najveći utjecaj na regenerativni potencijal ovakvih uređaja imaju amplituda i frekvencija ulazne pobude, krutost i prigušenje gume vozila i promjer hidrauličnog cilindra uređaja. Zaključci ovakve analize slažu se s zaključcima koji su dobiveni u prethodno objavljenim istraživanjima. Simulacijom bond graf modela regenerativnog sustava s dva slobode gibanja (za različito postavljene parametre) najčešće su dobiveni iznosi korisno regenerirane snage između 10 i 100 W. Usporedbom novih rezultata ovoga rada s rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja u području regenerativnih ovjesa, pokazano je dobro slaganje numeričkog reda veličine analiziranih brojčanih vrijednosti. Konačni dokaz temeljne hipoteze ovoga rada potvrđen je eksperimentalnim istraživanjem na stvarno izrađenom prototipu ali i s približnom simulacijom eksperimenta gdje je dobivena srednja (mehanička) regenerirana snaga od 5,2 W i maksimalna regenerirana snaga od 11,5 W što je usporedivo s iznosima snage koji su dobiveni u prethodno objavljenim istraživačkim radovima. Rezultati simulacije i eksperimenta približno se slažu iako postoje određena odstupanja koja predstavljaju prostor za buduće istraživanje u ovom znanstvenom području.
Abstract (english) In this paper, a prototype of a regenerative hydraulic suspension is constructed, modeled and produced. The regenerative device theoretically and practically enables the storage of a part of the vehicle vibration energy. The proposed regenerative suspension, in relation to previously published research, enables permanent storage of energy in the hydraulic accumulator and is designed for approximately real dynamic loads that occur when driving a vehicle. A prototype design methodology is proposed and contains a calculation of all critical components of the device which are important for the mechanical functionality of the system. A novel nonlinear dynamic numerical bond graph model of a regenerative hydraulic suspension with two degrees of freedom is proposed. The presented model contains and combines different physical effects, which some of them were not taken into account in previous research (e.g. weights of all significant components, approximations of all local and longitudinal hydraulic energy losses, stiffness and damping of vehicle tire, hydraulic stiffness of oil in cylinder chambers...). By simulating and analyzing a numerical model of a regenerative system with two degrees of freedom, different approximate dependences were obtained on how a some parameter change affects the values of regenerated power and driving comfort (relative displacements). In particular, the impact of changing the following parameters were analyzed and investigated: road quality, amplitude and frequency of input excitation, vehicle tire stiffness and damping, unsprung and sprung vehicle mass, suspension spring stiffness, hydraulic cylinder diameter and gas volume / precharge pressure in the hydraulic accumulator. After the research, it was discovered that the greatest influence on the regenerative potential of such devices have the amplitude and frequency of the input excitation, the stiffness and damping of the vehicle tire and the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder of the proposed device. The conclusions of this analysis generally agree with the conclusions set in previously published research. Simulation of the bond graph model of a regenerative system with two degrees of freedom (for differently set parameters) most often yields values of useful regenerated power between 10 and 100 W. The novel results of this work and the results of previous research of regenerative suspensions show good agreement (same order of value). The final proof of the basic hypothesis of the work was confirmed experimentally on a actual prototype but also with an approximate simulation of the experiment where the average (mechanical) regenerated power of 5.2 W and maximum regenerated power of 11.5 W was obtained. These regenerative power values are comparable to the power values which have been published in other research papers. The simulation results and the experimental results in this paper approximately agree although there are some small disagreements that represent space for future research in this scientific field.
Keywords
bond grafovi
elementi strojeva
konstruiranje
numeričko modeliranje
obnovljivi izvori energije
Keywords (english)
bond graphs
machine elements
design
numerical modeling
renewable energy sources
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:179:900466
Promotion 2021
Study programme Title: Mechanical Engineering Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje strojarstvo (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje strojarstvo)
Type of resource Text
Extent 431 str.
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2021-10-26 11:54:50