This paper investigates the foundation, influence and consequences of the work of the philosophical group Praxis. It refers to a philosophical movement that was recognized in international intellectual circles in the 1960s and 1970s, owing primarily to the Korčula Summer School and the philosophical journal Praxis. As part of the summer school and the philosophical journal, a "creative" form of Marxism was developed in opposition to the Soviet type of dogmatic Marxism. In the last ten years in some circles in Croatia there is a noticeable tendency to "rehabilitate" the Praxis group. This tendency is equally based on an uncritical and apologetic relation to its ideas, as well as ignoring the fact of its significance and influence. The lack of systematic analysis of the activity of this philosophical group has directly contributed to the creation, perpetuation and dissemination of the myth of the unrecognized value of its philosophical legacy. Therefore, this research seeks to correct this fault and contribute to an objective understanding of the phenomenon of the Praxis group in a broader socio-historical context, and thus to a better understanding of an entire period of modern Croatian philosophy as part of Croatian intellectual history. In this sense, the aim of this research is to reconstruct the socio-political context in which the group Praxis was created and operated. The emphasis is placed on three key events: the postwar transformation of Croatian academic philosophy, the activity of the Korčula Summer School, and the publication of the journal Praxis, i.e. their eventual termination, and the disappearance of the political and social framework in which the members worked for a significant number of years and with which they were most closely connected. Moreover, its intent is to analyze their underlying concepts, attitudes and arguments, and evaluate the foundation, fertility and originality of their theoretical concepts. Also, its aim is to determine the status of the reception of their ideas, the effect of their work on academic philosophy, as well as the social sciences and humanities as a whole. Based on the above, the following conclusions on the topic of this paper were reached: (1) The self-proclaimed school of creative Marxism, which is here most often referred to as the Praxis group, is one of many of the post-war Continental-European currents of interpretation of Marx's thought. (2) The group members explicitly rejected the possibility of establishing ethics as a philosophical discipline, which resulted in the absence of principles and criteria according to which a better and more humane world should be defined. Also, their demand for the creation of a more humane society on the basis of an unspoken critique of virtually everything was reduced to a rejection of traditional social institutions and market economics, and their sole concrete proposal was to accept the idea of selfgoverning socialism. (3) Considering the socio-political context in which it came into being, the Praxis group determined not only the course of Croatian academic philosophy but influenced developments in other social and humanistic disciplines, and thus the formation of a general intellectual climate in Croatia (to a lesser extent also in some other areas of former Yugoslavia) in the period from the early sixties to the late eighties of the last century. (4) If we ignore the very rare dissonant notes, it can be said that past attempts at a systematic analysis and critical evaluation of their legacy have remained at the level of quasicritical or apologetic approaches. (5) In recent years, interest in the group Praxis has increased, but their legacy and influence are always presented in the same, tendentious and laudatory manner. (6) As a consequence of (4) and (5) a distorted picture of recent history and the current state of Croatian philosophy was created, and hence of the consequences of the dominance of a Marxist approach in social and humanistic sciences in Croatia. Disregarding the facts about the actual theoretical range of the philosophical group Praxis and the socio-political conditions of its emergence, development and disappearance, opens up the space for manipulating the general scientific public, creating a distorted picture not only of the aforementioned philosophical movement, but also of the recent history of Croatian philosophy. Moreover, such a state contributes to the mistaken and ideologized perception of the role of philosophy itself, and then to the degradation and relativization of criteria for the evaluation of its achievements, those same criteria that have been harmonized with international standards in other fields and domains.