Among all of the pedagogical conceptions, Montessori and Waldorf are the most commonly used conceptions in Croatia. The foundation of Montessori pedagogy is anthroposophy, whose founder is thought to be Rudolf Steiner. Anthropology is the foundation of Montessori pedagogy founded by Maria Montessori. Both conceptions have the same goal, which is the well-being of a child and its wholesome development, upbringing and education. However, methods and points of view that create the path to that goal, although sometimes different, can also be the same. This paper discusses the basic pedagogical principles of both pedagogies, which pointed out the similarities and differences between them. One may notice how both pedagogies determine the child’s development based on its age. They both require a special knowledge of the educator and emphasize the individuality of each child. They are also characterized by the belief in the supernatural and the upbringing of the thing that each child gets with its birth. They prefer using natural materials and add special significance to the decoration of the living room. All materials have to be available to children and contribute to the development of their abilities. Child’s freedom is something very important to these conceptions as it symbolizes creating the identity of each child and the educators have to provide the freedom to the child within the moral values. In Montessori and Waldorf kindergartens there is no special plan or program which the educators have to follow - their task is to observe and encourage their independence and provide them the environment in which their development will take place. Waldorf’s pedagogy puts great significance to the spirituality and the self-raising of the educator without which the educators, if not fully familiar with themselves, cannot pass to the children. Montessori, however, puts an emphasis on the environment that includes didactic materials and exercises, including educator’s role in preparing that environment.