This thesis examines the analysis and comparison of two children's novels, „The Wonderful Adventures of Hlapić the Apprentice“ by Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić and „Pinocchio's Adventures“ by Carlo Collodi. Through nine chapters, the thesis explores the role of the main characters in both works and their significance in the socio-historical context of Croatia and Italy. Both novels contain elements of the adventure genre and depict impoverished boys facing numerous challenges. Therefore, the aim of the analyzed novels in this thesis is to highlight an interesting hero in children's literature, the character of the adventurous boy. In both novels, characters embodying good and evil appear, fostering children's awareness of morality. Interestingly, female characters are portrayed as gentle and good, while male characters have different personalities. The comparative analysis between these works of Croatian and Italian literature reveals several similarities and differences. Although both novels are of an adventurous nature and intended for children, they have different structures and convey different messages. "The Apprentice Hlapić" emphasizes the importance of work and diligence, while "Pinocchio" warns about the consequences of gullibility and dishonesty. As a result of the comparative analysis, it can be concluded that both works have a significant role in children's literature, both in Croatian and Italian contexts. Both novels have contributed to the development of children's imagination and encouraged readers to reflect on moral values, as well as to cultivate positive qualities such as acquiring knowledge, courage, diligence, and loyalty.