| Abstract | Dubrovačka Republika je tijekom 17. stoljeća doživljavala krizno razdoblje jer se Kandijski rat manifestirao prelaskom pljačkaških horda zaraćenih strana preko teritorija Republike. Veliki potres iz 1667. godine je dodatno pogoršao situaciju zbog korumpiranog kajmakama, kasnije velikog vezira, Kara Mustafe koji je nametima Republici htio zadobiti novac. Cijelo stoljeće je bilo obilježeno i manjim sukobma kao što je Lastovska buna, mletački pomorski nameti i djelovanje Španjolaca na Jadranu. Situacija na granici se smirila mirom u Srijemskim Karlovcima i mirom u Požarevcu. Nakon toga je nastupilo razdoblje ekonomske konjunkture jer se Republika skoro pa u potpunosti prebacila na posredničku pomorsku trgovinu i rentijerstvo. Postojeće razlike među patricijima su uzrokovale veliki problem s vrhuncem u postpotresnom razdoblju kada su se u vladajući stalež agregirale nove obitelji te su razlike poprimile još veću polarizaciju otkada dva suprotstavljena klana nazivamo salamankezi i sorbonezi. Profiliranjem patricijata slabila je moć Crkve jer je kao strani element, vladan iz Rima, imao moć promijeniti postojeće državne odnose. Zato je Republika odlučila da kanonici mogu biti jedino patriciji da kao domaći ljudi koče nadbiskupove odluke koje su mogle prouzročiti promjene, s ciljem veće državne kontrole. Određeni intelektualci, kao npr. Serafin Crijević i Sebastijan Slade, težili su dokončanju staleške krize pronalazeći uzore među Dubrovčanima iz prošlosti čije se ponašanje smatralo uzoritim jer su utjelovili republikanski ideal te su tako postali idealni arhetipi za očuvanje savršene tradicije. Idealno ponašanje patricija se odlikovalo u slobodi i republikanizmu, radu institucija, kolektivizmu, konzervativizmu, društvenoj harmoniji i brigom za zajednicu, a svi su trebali na neki način pridonijeti boljitku države u skladu s postojećim zakonima i odnosima. Ideal je slijedio i kanonik arhiđakon Bernard Giorgi, doduše ne u potpunosti jer nikada nije sudjelovao u radu državnih institucija s obzirom da se odlučio na svećenički poziv, a povratkom iz Rima prihvatio je službu arhiđakona. To je bilo u suprotnosti s idealom kakvoga su obnašali npr. Marojica Caboga i Nikolica Bunić – svjetovnjaci i poklisari koji su u najkritičnijem razdoblju opravdali ideal slobode i republikanizma na Porti. Bernard Giorgi je bio posljednji član jednog od ogranaka roda Giorgi, stoga je naslijedio svo bogatstvo, a životnim poslanjem je bio nalik na Serafina Crijevića. Preživio je potres i pridonio je organizaciji zajednice, no bio je britkog jezika što ga je čak dovelo do suda. Njegova ostavština je vidljiva u oltaru svetog Bernarda i literalnom radu (koji je neobjavljen i izgubljen) što ga čini uzoritom osobom čiji su primjer ideala patriciji trebali slijediti u razdoblju patricijskog animoziteta. |
| Abstract (english) | The Republic of Dubrovnik experienced a crisis during the 17th century due to the Cretan War, which manifested through the passage of marauding hordes of warring parties across the Republic's territories. The major earthquake of 1667 further worsened the situation due to the corrupt Kaymakam, later Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, who sought to extract money from the Republic through impositions. The entire century was marked by minor conflicts such as the Lastovo Rebellion, Venetian maritime impositions, and the actions of the Spaniards in the Adriatic. The situation at the border calmed with the peace treaties in Srijemski Karlovci and Požarevac. Subsequently, there was a period of economic prosperity as the Republic shifted almost entirely to intermediary maritime trade and rentiership. Existing differences among the patricians caused significant problems, reaching a peak in the post-earthquake period when new families aggregated into the ruling class, leading to even greater polarization between two opposing factions known as "salamankezi" and "sorbonezi." The profiling of the patriciate weakened the power of the Church, as a foreign element governed from Rome had the ability to change existing state relations. Therefore, the Republic decided that only canons could be patricians to act as local figures hindering the archbishop's decisions that could cause changes with the aim of greater state control. Certain intellectuals, such as Serafin Crijević and Sebastijan Slade, sought to resolve the class crisis by finding examples among Dubrovnik's past citizens whose behavior was considered exemplary, embodying republican ideals and becoming archetypes for preserving the perfect tradition. The ideal behavior of patricians was characterized by freedom and republicanism, institutional work, collectivism, conservatism, social harmony, and concern for the community, all contributing to the betterment of the state in accordance with existing laws and relationships. The ideal was also followed by Canon Archdeacon Bernard Giorgi, although not entirely as he never participated in the work of state institutions, having chosen a priestly vocation. Upon his return from Rome, he accepted the position of archdeacon. This contrasted with the ideal exemplified by figures like Marojica Caboga and Nikolica Bunić – laymen and envoys who justified the ideal of freedom and republicanism during the most critical period at the Porta. Bernard Giorgi was the last member of one branch of the Giorgi family, inheriting all the wealth. His life's mission resembled that of Serafin Crijević. He survived the earthquake, contributed to the organisation of community, but had a sharp tongue that even led him to court. His legacy is evident in the altar of Saint Bernard and his literary work (unpublished and lost), making him an exemplary figure whose example patricians were supposed to follow during the period of patrician animosity. |
