Military education is one of the earliest forms of education. In the beginning, it came down to the acquisition of traditional military and war skills. In the modern defense context, the changes taking place at the global level also lead to changes in the military education system, so it strives to build a highly educated, ethical expert capable of critical thinking, applying creative solutions, directed towards lifelong education. The aim of this work is to present the system of military education, in more detail present the European and national military education system and present the key concepts and principles on which military pedagogy is based. The paper will also present the basic competencies of military teachers and try to show how pedagogical knowledge can be an effective tool for dealing with various challenges within the military education system. An overview of research related to the military education system will also be presented, and efforts will be made to bring closer the overlap between the military education system, military pedagogy and the competencies of military teachers. The main purpose of military education and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia is to defend the independence and sovereignty of the homeland, so the military education system at the national level tends to train experts who have developed intellectual and practical skills and abilities that are capable of being applied in brutal and life-threatening conditions. In that process, knowledge of military pedagogy have great importance, pedagogy will provide tools for solving problems that arise as part of learning and teaching within military communities. Finally, it is concluded that the phenomena of the military education system, military pedagogy and the competencies of military teachers have not been sufficiently investigated at the national level, and an appeal is made to increase the volume of scientific works in the aforementioned areas.