| Abstract | Lutkarstvo kao umjetnost postoji još od vremena najstarijih civilizacija. Iz Indije se proširilo u Kinu, Japan, Egipat i Grčku, a nakon toga i u Rim, preko kojeg se proširilo po cijeloj Europi. U Hrvatskoj lutkarstvo postaje popularno između dva svjetska rata, 1945. godine se osniva prvo kazalište lutaka u Splitu, a nakon njega i ostala hrvatska lutkarska kazališta. Postoje mnoge vrste lutaka, a najprikladnije za dječju igru su prstne lutke, ginjol lutke, lutke zijevalice, marionete, lutke sjene i javajke. Interakcije s lutkom pozitivno utječu na zadovoljavanje dječjih potreba, poticanje pozitivne slike o sebi, samostalnosti, socijalnu kompetenciju, kreativnost i poticanje govora. Igra je proces koji je intrinzično motiviran i čija je svrha ona sama, a kroz nju dijete razvija mnoge sposobnosti, vještine i kompetencije. Uloge odgojitelja u dječjoj igri mogu biti različite, a najvažnije je da zna pravodobno procijeniti kada i na koji način intervenirati u igru. U dokumentima i pravilnicima koji reguliraju odgoj i obrazovanje u Republici Hrvatskoj pojmovi lutke i lutkarskog kazališta slabo su zastupljeni iako postoje mnogi pozitivni aspekti korištenja lutke. Lutka se osim u radu s vrtićkom djecom može koristiti i u školi i izvannastavnim aktivnostima gdje služi kao poticajno didaktičko sredstvo. Također, vrijedan pedagoški potencijal imaju posjete lutkarskim kazalištima, a lutka se može koristiti i u savjetodavnom radu i istraživanjima s djecom. |
| Abstract (english) | Puppetry as an art form has existed since the times of ancient civilizations. Originating from India, it spread to China, Japan, Egypt, and Greece, and later to Rome, from where it expanded throughout Europe. In Croatia, puppetry gained popularity between the two World Wars, and in 1945, the first puppet theater was established in Split, followed by other Croatian puppet theaters. There are various types of puppets, with finger puppets, marionettes, hand puppets, shadow puppets, and rod puppets being the most suitable for children. Interactions with a puppet positively influence satisfying children's needs, promoting a positive self-image, independence, social competence, creativity, and speech development. Play is an intrinsically motivated process with its purpose being the activity itself. Through play, children develop various abilities, skills, and competencies. The roles of educators in children's play can vary, with the most important aspect being the ability to assess when and how to intervene in the play. In documents and regulations governing education in the Republic of Croatia, the concepts of puppets and puppet theaters are poorly represented, despite many positive aspects of using puppets. Besides being utilized in preschool settings, puppets can also be used in schools and extracurricular activities, serving as stimulating didactic tools. Visits to puppet theaters hold significant pedagogical potential and puppets can also be valuable in counseling work and research involving children. |
