The focus of this paper is the analysis of the representation of the ancient Hebrews in school textbooks from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The themes which can be found in all the textbooks are representations of territories which were under Hebrew administration and representations of kings and states. When it comes to the representation of territories which were under Hebrew administration, the authors put emphasis on names of these territories, their size, regions within them and how the Hebrews themselves are viewed through the representation of Hebrew space. When it comes to the representation of kings, their achievements are emphasized, mostly of David and Salomon. There are differences between authors and their textbooks: some of them write about the Exodus, the clash between the Hebrews and the Philistines, the development of culture, prophets, etc. Great importance was attributed to the status and representation of Joseph of Egypt in the comparison of the content of the textbooks, and to the reasons for his removal from the curriculum and textbooks. The first period encompasses the years between 1874 and 1941 which were marked by Klaić, Hoić, Srkulj and Jakić. The second period encompasses the years between 1941 and 1945 and authors Srkulj and Jakić. The third period encompasses the years between 1945 and 1948, i.e. the post-war period, which was marked by Mišulin. The representation of Hebrews was compared especially regarding these periods, and emphasis was placed on the way in which a specific author and his textbook follows the representation of events from the Bible. In that context, the way in which ideologies, especially antisemitism, influenced the representation of the ancient Hebrews is described.