Within the framework of social philosophy the author of this paper intends to thematize the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The discourse on transition within social philosophy requires additional methodological determinations and in that sense the author will rely on the Political Marxist interpretation. To that extent, in this paper, the method of social philosophy is understood as a method of historical materialism. On the basis of this approach, we will gain insight into the unique historical and epistemological features of the philosophical analysis of capitalist society. The main basis of this analysis will be the works of Karl Marx, such as Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy and Capital. After the presentation of the basic moments of capitalist production we will approach the special historical context of the origin of capitalism. This logic of argumentation suggests the necessity of thinking the historical reality and the economic factors of a certain production in its dialectical unity. In that sense we will show the side roads of some historical approaches of economic progress in the form of a critique of the so-called demographic and commercialization models. In that way we will present the methodological framework of Political Marxism as one of the contemporary directions of the Marxist tradition. Therefore, we will talk about the agrarian origin of capitalism and about the specific historical conditions that affected its development only in England on the threshold of the 16th century. The thread that runs through this paper is the effort to answer the question of the origin and influences of capitalist production on modern society. To that extent, concluding this paper, the question of the possibilities of the organization of work on the basis of democratic and egalitarian values will arise.