The aim of the research was to examine the differences between self-esteem of Zagreb high school students and the importance and satisfaction of aspects of self-concept with regard to gender and school orientation, to gain insight into the hierarchy of importance and satisfaction with certain aspects of self-concept, and examine how aspects of self-concept are related to self-esteem. The research was conducted on 664 students in a total of 24 Zagreb high schools. The questionnaires used were the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, the Self-perception questionnaire, and several questions about demographic data. After conducting a two-way analysis of variance, a difference was found in the self-esteem of high school students depending on gender, male respondents show statistically significant higher self-esteem than female respondents. Grammar school students’ self-esteem is significantly higher than that measured on vocational high school students. The interaction did not prove significant. There are differences in the hierarchical structure of satisfaction with aspects of self-concept depending on gender and school orientation of students, and they are generally most satisfied with physical health and least satisfied with their love life. Differences are also present in the hierarchical structure of the importance of aspects of self-concept depending on gender and school orientation, and in general students' own physical health is the most important, and mathematical skills are the least important. Self-concept and self-esteem are highly correlated, and generally self-concept explains self-esteem well. The results in this study are similar to the ones that are gained in other studies about self-esteem, they provide a deeper insight into the structure of self-concept of adolescents in different domains of life, and insight into the hierarchy of aspects of self-concept.