In this thesis, I will present and explain the key terms and concepts of the German philosopher and sociologist Hartmut Rosa. The constitutive experience of modernity is the acceleration of the world, life and individual sensations and experiences. Although technology has provided us with many time-saving opportunities, the paradoxical shortage of time has become one of the fundamental hardships of modern mankind. Hartmut Rosa's theory of social acceleration presents a unique study in the field of time structures of society. By analyzing the economic, structural, and cultural processes of modern capitalist societies from a time perspective, Rosa reveals that acceleration has become an indomitable force in late modernity. The consequences of the accelerated pace of modern man's life culminate in a deep sense of alienation from space, time, one's own actions and things, as well as Self and Others. Rosa's second project is connected to the problem of acceleration in modern capitalist societies. The goal of the sociology of our relationship to the world is to identify the criteria for a successful life. The main feature of the social formation of modernity is the mechanism of dynamic stabilization, which is reflected on man's being in the world in the form of dynamic and contingent competition. Rosa opposes reified and alienated relationships to the world that arise from the competitive atmosphere of modern capitalist societies to open, resonant relationships through which the subject and the world are adaptively transformed. Resonance thus becomes a key category in measuring life success. The dialectic of these two diametrically opposed relationships to the world, alienation and resonance, signifies a plane on which man's life takes place in modern capitalist society.