| Abstract | U ovom radu se na temelju izvora koje čine mirazne i bračne (ali i nekolicina privatnopravnih isprava drugih vrsta) isprave srednjodalmatinskih komuna te literature analizira praksa sklapanja braka na području Splita, Zadra i Trogira i uspoređuje se s onom u južnoj Dalmaciji, u razdoblju od kraja 13. do sredine 14. st. Navedene isprave nalaze se u izdanjima četiri zadarska (Henrik, Cresta Tarallo, Ivan Qualis, Franjo Manfreda de Surdis i Andrija pok. Petra) i jednog splitskog bilježnika (Ivan pok. Cove) te u onima koja sadrže notarsku građu iz srednjovjekovnog općinskog arhiva u Trogiru. Literatura korištena u ovom radu se najvećim dijelom sastoji od članaka hrvatskih povjesničarki i povjesničara koji u njima govore o obiteljskim strukturama, mirazu i njegovim karakteristikama, imovinsko-pravnom položaju žena u odnosu na miraz te bračnim imovinskim odnosima. Analiza prakse sklapanja braka je podijeljena u četiri poglavlja. U prvom od njih se analizira miraz (na splitskom, zadarskom i trogirskom području) kao jedan od njenih najvažnijih elemenata i to tako da se iznose i objašnjavaju njegovi oblici, visina, načini isplate, uvjeti pod kojima se ona vršila te poteškoće koje su je pratile. Drugo od tih poglavlja govori o imovinsko-pravnom položaju udanih žena i udovica kao i o bračnim imovinskim odnosima u Splitu, Zadru i Trogiru. U tom poglavlju se obrađuju odredbe tamošnjih statuta koje reguliraju zaštitu mirazne imovine, prava muža i žene u odnosu na nju te imovinska pitanja u slučaju smrti jednog od supružnika. Sljedeće poglavlje se bavi utjecajima društvene stratifikacije na praksu sklapanja braka u sklopu čega govori o izboru bračnog partnera i miraznim karakteristikama s obzirom na pripadnost društvenom sloju te određenoj komuni. Posljednje od četiri poglavlja na temelju literature obrađuje miraz, imovinsko-pravni položaj žena, bračne imovinske odnose te brak s obzirom na društvenu stratifikaciju na području južne Dalmacije odnosno Dubrovnika i Kotora te istovremeno uspoređuje tamošnju praksu sklapanja braka s onom srednjodalmatinskom, opisanom u prethodna tri poglavlja.Zaključeno je da su osnovni elementi prakse sklapanja braka bili vrlo slični ili pak identični u svim obrađenim komunama, ali i da je svaka od njih imala neke svoje posebnosti koje su stavljale žene u više ili manje povoljan položaj nego drugdje. Na te razlike su uvelike utjecale ekonomska razvijenost pojedine komune, njena društvena struktura te mentalitet stanovništva pri čemu su žene iz manjih i slabije razvijenih komuna bile u nešto povoljnijoj situaciji kada se radilo o sklapanju braka, imovinsko-pravnom položaju i pravima na nasljeđivanje i raspolaganje imovinom. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper portrays and analyzes marriage in Central Dalmatian communes Split, Zadar and Trogir and compares it to marriage in Southern Dalmatia, in the period from the end of the 13th to the middle of the 14th century. Paper is based on sources, more precisely dowry and marriage documents, several private legal documents of other types and secondary literature. Mentioned documents can be found in the editions of material of four Zadar notaries (Henrik, Cresta Tarallo, Ivan Qualis, Franjo Manfreda de Surdis i Andrija pok. Petra), one Split notary (Ivan pok. Cove) and editions that contain notarial material from medieval municipal archive in Trogir. Secondary literature used in this paper consists mostly of professional papers written by Croatian historians. In their papers they wrote about family structures, dowry and its characteristics, property-legal status of women in relation to their dowry and marital property relations. Analysis of marriage practice is divided into four chapters. First of them analyzes dowry in Split, Zadar and Trogir as one of the most important elements of marriage. Chapter portrays and analyzes forms of dowry, its height, methods of payment, conditions under which it was made and difficulties which accompanied it. Next chapter is about property-legal status of married women and widows as well as marital property relations in Split, Zadar and Trogir. Chapter deals with statutory regulations relating to protection of dowry, rights of husband and wife on it and property-inheritance issues in case of death of one of the spouses. Third chapter deals with impacts of social stratification on marriage and accordingly talks about choice of a spouse and dowry characteristics considering belonging to a social class and certain commune. The last of these four chapters, based on secondary literature, portrays and analyzes dowry, property-legal status of married women and widows, marital property relations and marriage with regard to social stratification in the area of southern Dalmatia, more precisely Dubrovnik and Kotor. It also compares marriage in that area with marriage in Central Dalmatia communes, described in previous three chapters. It was concluded that some basic elements of marriage practice were very similar or even identical in all of analyzed communes but each of them had some special features which put women in more or less favorable position than elsewhere. Those differences were greatly influenced by degree of economic development of a particular commune, its social structure and population mentality. Considering that, women from smaller and less developed communes were in somewhat better position when it came to marriage, property-legal status and rights on inheritance and disposition of property. |
