The traditional Western epistemic paradigm seeks to establish scientific knowledge as objective, universal, and value neutral. By reviewing the critiques by the sociology of knowledge, feminist epistemology and ecofeminist theory, we point to the social construction of scientific knowledge. By reviewing these theories, we point out the harmful consequences of imposing the Western form of science on the social and natural world, as well as on the interconnections between them. By considering the main ideas of the classical Western epistemology, we point to its dualistic and mechanistic foundations, as well as to its aspiration to establish complete authority over defining the reality. Through the analysis of external influences on science and the content of scientific knowledge, sociology of knowledge recognized a strong influence of aspirations, interests, and values on science and scientific knowledge. Science is understood as a mechanism for maintaining, transmitting, and legitimizing values of privileged groups, while feminists are particularly emphasizing the influence of patriarchal values within science. By reviewing the critique of science by the feminist epistemology and ecofeminist theory, we point to the strong gender bias in science, a dualistic separation of man from nature, and the strong belief in the superiority of reason and the rational method. Feminists and ecofeminists emphasize that these features of science lead to degradation of women’s knowledge and experience, to exploitation and destruction of nature, and to inferiorization of everything that is considered unreasonable, which consequently lead to deepening of social inequalities, poverty, and natural disasters. Finally, we present harmful effects of the Western development paradigm on indigenous communities and local ecosystems, and therefore point to necessary change from an exploitative to a cooperative relationship with the natural world in order to preserve cultural and biological diversity, and thus achieving planetary survival.