Tax conscription of Slavonian Kingdom from 1598 is an important historical source for the social and economic history of the Slavonian Kingdom. By collecting data from the source and analyzing them, it is possible to determine the economic and demographic changes during the Ottoman wars. There were approximately 100.000 people living in 1598 on the territory of the Slavonian Kingdom. The kingdom itself was divided in three parts called counties (županija). The most populous was the Varaždin County, followed by the Zagreb County and the Križevci County. Ottoman attacks and looting were the key reason for the lesser density of Zagreb and Križevci County, since they were situated on the border with the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, Varaždin County was somehow protected and had, therefore, higher density of population and better economic conditions during early modern period. There were numerous social categories living on the territory of the Slavonian Kingdom, with serfs (colonus) and inquilinus as dominant. While two of the counties had higher population of serfs, the category called inquilinus was dominant social category in the Varaždin County. Most of other categories also lived in the said county, which had become the economic safe haven within the Slavonian Kingdom. Position of women varied according to their social status. While approximately every fourth noble owner was a female, in lower social categories less women were counted as homeowners as every 10th homeowner was a female. Most of them were widows, who were either left with underage children, or were old and their children had already formed independent families. Approximately 75% of settlements in Slavonian Kingdom still exist and are inhabited. The most apparent loss of settlements was experienced around Sveti Ivan Zelina and river Kupa valley. It was mostly the consequence of Ottoman raids and attacks. The loss of settlements in Varaždin County had other reasons, and the most important was the resettling of population from hills to the valleys. The soil in valleys was of better quality which was essential for the growth of population. Thus, while experiencing population growth, Varaždin County had at the same time lost a number of its ancient settlements.