This thesis analyzes the development of Međugorje apparitions and their social construction, and puts them in the context of the (de)secularization process in Croatia and the world. Explaining the interaction that takes place about the Međugorje sanctuary between different interest groups, it sheds light on its role in the social, political and ideological changes of its environment. The thesis is based upon the general theory of religious-secular competition that views the (de)secularization processes as a conflict of specific religious and secular actors, and it is divided into three parts that analyze this conflict on the macro-, micro- and mesolevels. The first part interprets the secularization process as a political program through Gramsci's hegemony theory, and explicates the state relations with the Međugorje apparitions and their change. In the first ten years Međugorje apparitions and the Catholic church are in conflict with the dominant communist ideology, after which they become the participants of the new ideological hegemony. The role of the Church and Međugorje as meeting places for the christian democratic political opposition and movements for the independence of Croatia is examined. The second part illuminates how the connection of Međugorje apparitions with the charismatic renewal rituals leads to everyday and deliberate mystical experiences. Our Lady's messages resonate with popular religiosity and charismatic renewal, celebrating the pervasiveness of personal charisma, and they articulate a postmodern relationship with the trancendent. Međugorje pilgrims are through many choices stimulated into individual spiritual expression, representing the catholic form of affectionate „free churches“. The third part elucidates the relationship of the Catholic church towards the Međugorje seers and franciscans, who gather support for their recognition through continous preaching and connections with other apparitions. Cooperating with the Charismatic renewal movement Međugorje sets up franchises and connections with other sanctuaries and becomes the most popular one in the network of marian cults. Initially suffering fierce attacks by the local bishop, the growing popularity brings the apparitions towards the offical recognition of the Church.